Mogadishu, May 30 2014 – The Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission (SRCC) for Somalia, Ambassador Mahamat Saleh Annadif hailed the well-coordinated AMISOM and Interim Juba Administration forces successful efforts to rescue 30 people kidnapped by Al-Shabaab terrorists in Kismayu.

The 30 women and men khat vendors were kidnapped this morning from Bar Aleen village located in between the main airport and Kismayu town by Al-Shabaab terrorist who immediately tried in vain to sneak them out of Kismayu towards Jilib.

AMISOM Forces in Kismayu working closely with the Interim Juba Administration forces immediately dispatched out a specialized team to track the kidnaper’s movement in the sky sharing critical information with the ground forces sent to track and rescue the hostages.

“Today evening there was joy and happiness in Kismayu after 30 men and women who were earlier kidnapped by Al-Shabaab terrorists were rescued following good coordination and work between AMISOM forces stationed there and the Interim Juba Administration forces. We wish to congratulate the forces for the good work and to reaffirm our commitment at helping the Somalia people,” Ambassador Annadif said.

“We condemn such heinous acts of kidnapping aimed at creating fear and denying the Somalis the freedom and opportunity to work and walk freely in their own country. We wish to remind the terrorists that their wicked plots will be defeated just like today,” the envoy added.

After losing out most of their major economic hubs like Kismayu, Marka and other cities in Somalia liberated by joint AMISOM and Somalia forces, Al-Shabaab terrorists have resorted to such cowardly acts of kidnappings and extortion to make dirty money to fund their callous activities.

A policeman directs traffic at a checkpoint in downtown Mogadishu, Somalia. UN Photo/Tobin Jones

 7 May 2014 – The United Nations, the European Union and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) today issued a joint appeal for a resolution of the political crisis in Somalia, adding that they stand ready to hold to account anyone who poses an obstacle to progress in the Horn of Africa nation.

“Ongoing political instability does not serve the interests of Somalia or its people. Somalia cannot afford a return to the cycle of deadlock and infighting between political actors that paralysed governments since 2000,” said a joint statement issued by the three partners.

They noted that the development of a federal system, the constitutional review process and preparation for 2016 elections are behind schedule.

“The Constitution sets out clear roles and tasks for all Federal institutions, including Parliament, the Executive and the Presidency. Somalia needs continuity and stability. But it also needs faster and greater delivery by all,” they stated.

The statement called on the Executive, led by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, to take “timely and decisive” action to create greater national unity, improve security and expedite progress on federalism, the constitution and elections.

“International partners stand ready to support all moves that will enhance peacebuilding and state-building and to hold to account anyone who poses an obstacle to such progress,” it added.

The statement comes in the wake of the 24 May attack on the Somali Federal Parliament by the militant group known as Al-Shabaab, which had also claimed responsibility for killing two parliamentarians in Mogadishu in less than 48 hours last month.

The UN, EU and IGAD said Saturday’s attack shows the need to redouble efforts towards peace and state-building in Somalia.

Briefing the Security Council last week, Nicholas Kay, the Secretary-General’s Special Representative and head of the UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), noted that while the new Government has injected fresh momentum, progress on state-building has not been as fast as needed.

He recalled that when he last briefed the Council in March, the Federal Government was close to finalizing a detailed blueprint for building a Federal Somalia, revising and implementing the constitution, and preparing for elections in 2016. “Unfortunately, this critical plan, with timelines and benchmarks, remains pending,” he stated.

 UN News

By Hassan Mudane

“Ten government forces died and 14 others were injured in the attack [on the parliament house]. Four MP’s were also injured. Seven of the fighters who attacked the house were also killed as you see their bodies.” said a police spokesman

Saturday morning at 11:30am in local time, a well planned attack was carried out by Al- Shabaab stormed Somalia’s parliament on Saturday.  A spokesman for al Shabaab, Sheikh Abdiasis Abu Musab, said that the group’s fighters had killed 30 people. “We killed 30 from the AU (African Union) and from the various forces of the so-called Somali government,” he said.

The fighting continued for hours after the initial explosion, with gunfire and smaller blasts being heard inside the parliament building. The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) said in a statement that all the member of parliaments who were in parliament building before the attack was safely evacuated. This  attack on parliament building about 300m from the president’s palace that is guarded by African Union peacekeepers and Somali forces, showed that the al Qaeda-linked group remains capable of hunting the center of Mogadishu despite being pushed out of the capital two years ago.

Nicholas Kay, Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary-General for Somalia, said: “The Federal Parliament represents the people of Somalia and their hopes and aspirations for a peaceful and stable future. Today’s attack is an attack against the people of Somalia for which there can be no justification.”

A Western diplomat who has worked with regional intelligence agencies said the attack would add to pressure on President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud from about 100 parliamentarians who last month called for him to be impeached over worsening security.

Thus, the attack showed that a surge by the African Union peacekeeping troops had not weakened Al-Shabaab’s capacity to wage asymmetric warfare in the capital, where coordination between Somali and foreign intelligence agencies is poor.

“Because intelligence is fragmented, al Shabaab is slipping through the net,” said farhan, social activist.”

‘Suicide bombing in presidential palace’

 Al-Qaeda-linked group al-Shabab have attacked the heavily-fortified Somali presidential palace compound, blasting through a gate with a car bomb and engaging palace guards in a fierce gun battle that left 14 people dead, police have said.

Al-Shabab said it carried out the bombing attack on the heavily fortified compound in Villa Somalia. The Somali president, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, was unharmed and survived at that time.

“Our commandos have attacked the so-called presidential palace in order to kill or arrest those who are inside. The enemy had suffered a great deal of harm,” Sheikh Abdul Aziz Abu Musab, Al-shabaab military spokesman, told the AFP news agency.

‘Deadly bombing attack in UNDP compound’

Dealing a blow to fragile security gains that have allowed a slow return of foreign aid workers and diplomats, the assault, claimed by Islamist group al Shabaab, began before midday when a car bomb exploded outside UN-Development Programme (UNDP) base. Rebel gunmen forced their way into the compound and fought with security guards.

The African Union (AU) peacekeeping force, sent soldiers and armored vehicles to the compound, said it was under the control of friendly troops after a gun fight that lasted more than 80 minutes.

It was the first significant attack on U.N. premises by al Shabaab since they were driven out of Mogadishu in fighting with AU and Somali government forces about two years ago.

More than a million Somalis live in crisis conditions, according to the UN, which has started building up offices and international staff after security improved.

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said he was “outraged by the despicable attack” in a telephone call to Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Al Shabaab accused the United Nations of serving U.S. interests.

One U.N. official said some Western nations that had been keen to support the Western-leaning government elected last year had played down dangers posed by al Shabaab and its ability to infiltrate the security forces and attacks the capital.

Who is Al-shabaab?

Al-Shabab means The Youth in Arabic. It emerged as the radical youth wing of Somalia’s now-defunct Union of Islamic Courts, which controlled Mogadishu in 2006, before being forced out by Ethiopian forces. There are numerous reports of foreign jihadists going to Somalia to help al-Shabab, and the group has claimed to be allied with al-Qaeda. It is banned as a terrorist group by both the US and the UK and is believed to have between 7,000 and 9,000 fighters.

Al-Shabab: Striking like ‘shuai-jan snake’

‘The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan. Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the ChUng Mountains. Strike at its head, and you will be attacked by its tail; strike at its tail, and you will be attacked by its head; strike at its middle, and you will be attacked by head and tail both’. According to sun tzu, Chinese philosopher

Thus, Al-shabaab they know how to play in the warfare game such ‘attacks your enemy where his unprepared, neither appear where you are not expected.’ Sun Tzu

What is Al-Shabab doing in Kenya?

Al-Shabab is suspected of links to grenade attacks across Kenya Somali al-Qaeda fighters are accused links to terror attacks in Kenya in both 1998 – on the US embassy – and 2002 – on Israeli targets around Mombasa. In 2011, al-Shabab carried out a series of attacks and kidnappings across the border in Kenya. Kenya responded by sending troops into Somali territory to battle the militants. Since then sporadic attacks have continued across Kenya.  The biggest attack was on Nairobi’s Westgate shopping centre in 2013 when at least 68 people died.

Analysts say the militants often enter and leave Kenya without being intercepted. Their fighters are said to get medical treatment in Nairobi. Earlier this year, there were riots in Mombasa after a radical Muslim cleric who was accused of recruiting youngsters for Al-Shabab was shot dead.

How much of Somalia does Al-Shabab control?

Although it has lost control of most towns and cities, it still dominates in many rural areas. It was forced out of the capital, Mogadishu, in August 2011 and left the vital port of Kismayo in September 2012.

The loss of Kismayo has hit Al-Shabab’s finances, as it used to earn money by taking a cut of the town’s lucrative charcoal trade. Although African Union (AU) forces are trying to squeeze Al-Shabab further, the group is still able to carry out suicide attacks in Mogadishu and elsewhere.

Who is Al-Shabab’s leader?

Ahmed Abdi Godane is the head of the group. Known as Mukhtar Abu Zubair, he comes from the northern breakaway region of Somaliland. He is rarely seen in public. His predecessor, Moalim Aden Hashi Ayro, was killed in a US air strike in 2008.

Godane, who was behind the group’s tie-up with al-Qaeda and has a hard-line, international agenda, has emerged victorious from an internal power-struggle. His rival, Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, is more focused on the struggle within Somalia. He is now in government custody, while several of his allies have been killed.

What is happening in the Somalia?

a woman lives in a town recently recaptured from Al-Shabab Somalia has not had an effective national government for more than 20 years, during which much of the country has been a war-zone.

Al-Shabab gained support by promising people security. But its credibility was knocked when it rejected Western food aid to combat a 2011 drought and famine.

With Mogadishu and other towns now under government control, there is a new feeling of optimism and many Somalis have returned from exile, bringing their money and skills with them.

    However, before the Saturday attack on May 24, 2014. There was a hot tension between some parts of MP’s and the president, Hassan sheikh. The parliament was demanding the president to step down. Now, the situation grew very worry after the Somali national security minister Guled stepped down.

‘We have no military equipment, economic, financial supports and tactics to fight Al-shabaab. Therefore I have decided to give up the office and welcome every Somali citizen can bring the change.’ Told Somali national Radio

‘This new situation may face the Somali parliament breaking down into further parts’ said farhan, social activist

In additional, Mogadishu, the capital has been hit by a series of suicide bomb in the past few weeks, most attacks claimed by Al-Shabab, which was pushed out of the city in mid-2011 but has continued to wage a sustained armed campaign. This raid on Saturday morning was a copycat of a strike on Mogadishu’s law courts in April, when gunmen detonated suicide vests during a gun battle with security forces.

PRESS RELEASE

Mogadishu, May 24, 2014: A South African Police Officer, Anand Pillay, has been appointed Commissioner of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Police for an initial tenure of one year. He takes over from Commissioner Charles Makono from Zimbabwe whose term of office ended at the end of 2012. Until his appointment, Commissioner Ben Oyo Nyeko has been acting AMISOM Police Commissioner.

Before his latest appointment, Commissioner Pillay was Cluster Commander of Milnerton Cluster in the Western Cape Province in the Republic of South Africa.  He previously served as the Police commissioner in the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS).

Commissioner Pillay arrived in Mogadishu yesterday and was received by the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia (SRCC), Mahamat Saleh Annadif, together with the former Acting Police Commissioner, Mr. Ben Oyo Nyeko.

Ambassador Annadif said the appointment of Commissioner Pillay would foster greater cooperation between AMISOM Police and the Somali Police Force.

Commissioner Pillay said: “I am humbled to have been appointed to this position as head of the AMISOM Police in Somalia, and I intend to fly the AMISOM flag high,” he said.

He is pleased for the opportunity to work closely with the Somali Police Forces, whose resilience he speaks of with high regard.

“I know that there are many challenges ahead of us that we will be dealing with, but I am confident that with the adaptable, warm-hearted forces of the AMISOM police that am humbled to lead, members who have a community-oriented approach, along with our Somali  counterparts.  We will strive to support Somalia to realize long term peace and security,” he added.

Commissioner Pillay is positive that the AMISOM and Somali Police forces will make a positive and progressive contribution to the stability of Somalia.

PRESS RELEASE

Mogadishu 24th May 2014- The Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia (SRCC), Ambassador Mahamat Saleh Annadif commended Somali security forces and AMISOM personnel for their quick response to counter an attack on the Somali Parliament today.

A Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED) went off at the entrance to the Parliament and this was followed up by al Shabaab fighters who managed to get into an unoccupied part the building.

The quick response team of the Somali National Army, supported by AMISOM security personnel, immediately deployed to the area and countered the attack. All Members of Parliament have safely been evacuated from the building. Medical teams are on the scene to provide immediate attention and the injured have been brought to the AMISOM hospital where they are receiving medical attention.

Ambassador Annadif said “The Federal Government of Somalia, supported by AMISOM, will continue to make its prime focus the stabilization of the country. These attacks show that al Shabaab simply don’t care about the plight of innocent Somalis. Yet again they are bent on their own selfish purpose and show no respect for the well-being of ordinary people. And the failure of their attack once again evidences the futility of their actions.”

Ambassador Annadif sent his condolences to the families and friends of all those who suffered in today’s attack and wished a swift recovery for those injured.

Press Release

Garowe, May 21st, 2014; The Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission (SRCC) for Somalia, Ambassador Mahamet Saleh Annadif has called on partners and the donor community to support the Puntland State in its priorities and development goals.

Speaking during the Puntland Donor Roundtable Meeting, Ambassador Annadif noted that donor support is pivotal to the realization of Puntland’s immediate and long-term development needs, and creates an environment for sustainable peace and development in Somalia.

The AU Special Representative, the first AMISOM leader to travel to Garowe to engage on Puntland development issues, reiterated the importance of Puntland’s stability and its role in setting an example for the rest of Somalia. “I’m encouraged by the developments in Puntland. The last elections are significant proof of positive developments and I call on all Somalis to follow the example of Puntland.” he said.

On behalf of the Chairperson of AU Commission, Ambassador Annadif pledged the AU’s commitment to supporting the Puntland State in capacity building of its security forces especially training of the Police and the Army to tackle terrorism, piracy and human trafficking.

The Donor Roundtable Meeting which was officially opened by the President of the Puntland State of Somalia, H.E. Abdweli Mohammed Ali Gaas was attended by representatives from the donor community, the World Bank and the United Nations.

By Dr Fatuma Lamungu Nur

A cloud of blood still hangs on Jubba regions in southern Somalia, as the brutal refugee group supported by foreign countries continue to terrorize the local people. Despite the pain, the local people should not be disheartened, because what is happening to them is the recipe of genuine struggle in the future.
 
If you look back the history you do not find any people in the world who attained real liberation and freedom without struggle and sacrificing their lives because of their children, their grand grand children and the next generations in common.

When the Japanese, Germany, Italy and their allies took the world into the Second World War, it was not dialogue that resulted lasting peace in the world, but it was the taste of the bullet that made them to surrender and led the people of the world to have peaceful sleep. Now the same thing is happening in Kismayo, where the armed refugee group, is using force against innocent local people in Jubba regions.

This armed refugee group had been defeated by the locals in Hiiraan region and in Somaliland some few decades ago. And in Jubba, the people should not have any other alternative, but to take up arms and teach a lesson to the armed refugee group that is destabilizing the region and posing threat to the whole region of East Africa from Kenya to Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi, South Sudan and Sudan.

The US had to come up with a nuclear bomb to save its country against the Japanese, while in many parts of the world people engaged in different military struggle to get rid of oppressors.
Now its emerging that the international community is endorsing the illegitimate brutal rule of Ahmed Madobe and his terror group with plans to relocate half a million people from Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya to Jubba regions, mostly refugees from Ethiopia and people from Kenya, mainly from Ogaden clan.

Following recent several trips by delegation from international community and Ogaden led regional organization of IGAD to Kismayo, plans to relocate these refugees have been discussed, and financial pledges to fund the project were announced. Its seems that the plan goes in line with the ongoing crackdown against Somalis in Kenya. The aim is to relocate these people at this confused time, so the local clans in Jubba will have a sympathy for the refugees to be brought in Jubba regions, without knowing the real motive. But as soon the honey moon of the Somalism sympathy ends is when the real drama will come out the people realize the motive behind the relocation.A horrific speech by a female MP from Garisa-Kenya, shows the extent of the clan minded terrorism among Kenyan politicians of Somali ethnic. Here is the link of MP Shukriya about Jubba regions: http://afrikada.com/sirta-ka-fakatay-xildhibaanada/

We know that the world is based on interest, and any step that is taken in this globe is because of interest, as a theory in diplomacy studies suggest that “there is nothing free in diplomacy field”. Even if the world has its own interest to do so, it would be wise to find alternative ways to pursue those interests, instead of creating chaos and violence that can backfire and damage the very interests they are going after.

The local people of Jubba have given a chance to the peace, but that chance was rejected by Ahmed Madobe with the help of the region and other foreign countries. The struggle of the innocent people can be taken lightly, but at the end the goals will be achieved , whether it takes few year or many years, since there is a will driving the oppressed people.

Look back to some of the most brutal powers in the world like the Mongolian Kingdom of Genghis Khan, how the small pieces of struggle ultimately defeated and brought down this powerful state. So that fear has not to be there when taking on Ahmed Madobe and his group despite the support he enjoys from different corners of the world.

Somalia would have been better if a genuine reconciliation was given a chance, but that is not coming soon, until a real power balance is imposed. At a recent crucial meeting at Chatham House in London one of the participants, the leader of Wagosha Movement from Jubba regions, Engineer Yarow Sharif Adan provided some key points for a genuine reconciliation process in Somalia, if there is sincerity about it.

Following are the key points Eng Yarow made at the Chatham House meeting:

1- reconciliation has to be the first priority because without genuine reconciliation nothing can be done to deal with insecurity.

2- To define the Somali nationality in clear manner. (Somali nationals are only those in the Somali Republic) and not the Somalis living in the neighboring countries

3-Justice from grass-root level.

4-Inclusiveness in security forces, where all clans are equally represented

5-Disarming off all Somali clans and gangs.

6- Creating an atmosphere of trust between civilians and government security apparatus.

7-Rehabilitation of militants in responsible manner.

8-Formation of local administrations from the grassroots (Bottom up approach), with inclusiveness, justice and fair manner.

9-Repatriation and relocation of refugees and IDPs has to be implemented with cautious to avoid land disputes that can lead to civil war.

10- International community to support the security initiatives by working closely with the Somali Federal government.

Dr Fatuma Lamungu Nur
New York, USA

Lately in the Somalia’s political theater home and abroad, the so called politicians or intelectuals from Somalia have been debating that Federalism is better than 4.5 power sharing for Somalia. 4.5 power sharing is based on equal power sharing among the 4 so called major Somali clans, Dir, Hawiye, Digil-mirifle and Darod. And the others, 0.5, share for the minority clans, meaning low ranking government positions, or left over government positions for minority clans.

 From Arta, Djibouti made government of Abdul Qasim to the current Government of Hasssan Shiekh, power sharing has been based on 4.5, main government ranks, president and prime miniter positions taken by Hawiye and Darod, Parliament speaker nominated from Digil-Mirifle and Dir nominated for the Foreign minister postion, nominated by the Prime minister.

Arta president Abdul Qasim was Hawiye , while the prime minister, Ali Galaydh, hailed from Darood and parliament Speaker, Abdala Derow was from Digle-mirifle, foreign minister position was given to Ismail Buubaa, Dir. Imbaghati , Kenya made government was led by late Abdulahi Yousuf, Darod, he appointed Ali Gedi for Primiership , Hawiye and then replaced him by Nuur Cadde/Adde an other Hawiye. President Shiek Sharif from Hawiye clan nominated for the premire-ship Shar-marke, Abdi-wali Gas and Farmajo consecutively, all Darod. Currently President Hassan Shiekh appointed Shirdon Sa’id for prime miniter and then replaced him by Abdi-wali both Darod. while the speaker of the parliament is Jawhari who hails from Digil-mirifle clan.

 It’s unkown why presidency and premiership positions hasn’t been nominated from Dir clan since late prime minister Igaal , as Dir is one of the 4 so called major Somali clans.

However it just became clear after Prof. Ahmed Samatar/Dir, run for the last presidential election, why Dir hasn’t been given the presidency or premiership position. Prof. Samatar who cared less about his clanship, said he was told by his running mates and some parliament members , “why bother run for election and not vacate , since your people/Somaliland are absent”.

Aside from Prof. Samatar who was the most/only sincere nationalist , all the others so called presidential candidates had hiden agenda/tribalism, which left Prof. Samatar in shock and disblieve and finally led him to his mother/father land, Somaliland, after he spent all his energy/time in the last 22 years for Somali unity and advocating for nationalism.

Likewise Somalia’s federalism based constituition, is based on clan/sub-clan mini states like Puntland, Gal-mudug, Hemin-heb, all with baundaries, based on clan line demarcation, and Jubba-land, hijaked by single clan, Ogaden/ONLF from Ethiopia.

 Puntland was created in 1998 after some clan elders from Majerten, Dhulbahante and Warsangali, Harti, a Daro sub-clan, agreed to form a sub-clan based enclave/Puntland. Majaerten inhabits in East, Nugal and parts of Mudug region, Somalia. Dhulbahante inhabits in Somaliland, Sool region, while 2/3 of Warsangali inhabits in Sanag Region, Somaliland.

 Puntland founders claimed parts of Somaliland based on clan affiliation, seven years after Somaliland declared independance and withdrew from the union with Somalia on May 18, 1991. Puntland cliams North Galkayo, capital city of Mudug Region, while South Galkayo is claimed by, Gal-mudug state, Sa’ad, a Habar-gidir sub-clan of Hawiye. Puntland/mini sub-clan stated is recognized by the Somalia Fedral Government.

Galmudug State, Mini sub-clan of Sa’ad, Habar-gidir sub-clan of Hawiye consists of Mid-South Mudug Region and Northeast of Galgadoud region of Somalia. Galmudug mini sub clan state of Sa’ad is regonized state of Somalia.

 Hemin-Heb state, mini sub-clan of Saleban, Habar-gidir Sub-clan of Hawiye consists of North Galgudoud State and lower South of Mudug Region,

Hemin-Heb doesn’t consist of two regions, but partial of Mudug region and part of Galgudoud Region.

 Jubba-land formerly know as Azania was created in Kenya by Ogaden elites in Kenya, ONLF exiles from Ethiopia and Raskamboni militia leaders. Later Raskamboni militia led by Ahmad Madobe former Islamist and Kenyan forcses dislodged Al-shabab from Kismayo and clamied Jubba-land, Lower Jubba Region , Middle Juba Region and Gedo Region excluding non-Ogedan clans, which led to non stop violance between the Raskaboni militia and non Ogaden. Raskaboni palys the TERRORIST CARD/Al-shabaab against non Ogaden clans of Jubba-land to keep Kenyan Forces in Kismayo for it’s protection.

In conclusion there is no difference between 4.5 power sharing and Federal governament of Somalia, it’s about sharing power on clan basis on number or forming federal government contituted of mini sub-clan fiefdoms states and unending conflict among somali clans, since there is no known baundaries between nieghboring clans who have shared water and graze for centuries.

The so called Federal Constituition of Somalia does not define Federal States of Somalia to be contituted of demarcation of clan and sub clan baundaries , but to be based on prior exsting Regions excluding Somaliland. Therefore the existing mini sub-clan states of Somalia, like Puntland, Gal-mudug, Hemin-heb and Jubba-land, don’t meet the requirement of being a state, since all of them are mini Sub-clan states and non of them is consisted of orginal Reginal baundaries.

For the current Somalia government to accept the mini Sub-clan states of Somalia, like Punt-land, Galmudug, Jubba-land and Hemin-heb states to be members of the Somalia Federal Government , is like encouraging other clans and sub-clans to have thier own mini-clan and Sub-clan States and baundaries. .

         The survival and the existence of Somalia depends, if it’s so called leaders, politicians and intelectual re-think and consider abandoning federalism/tribalism and 4.5. think as nationalists, create political parties like Somaliland and face Somaliland as a nation, instead of hosting a so called mini sub-clan state of Khatumo or Awdal states, since after all Somaliland is a nation of multi-clan.

Mohamud A Samatar

samatarapt@gmail.com

Phoenix, AZ USA.