The Swedish government has been asked to prevent conflict and war Somalia is creating by the cooperation agreement between Somaliland and Ethiopia.
Member of Parliament Markus Wiechel who presented a question to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Hon. Tobias Billström in the Swedish Parliament on 20 August 2024, demands that he take diplomatic measures to prevent the conflict in Somalia.
Hon. Wiechel’s questions reads as follows;
The signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Ethiopia and Somaliland, which among other things gives Ethiopia access to the port of Berbera, a very important port on the Gulf of Aden adjacent to the Red Sea, will have far-reaching diplomatic and humanitarian benefits in a strategically very important location. This agreement opens up positive effects that affect millions of people in the region and also has the potential to benefit relations between this region and Europe, and not least Sweden.
Ethiopia has a central role in the region as one of Africa’s most populous nations and a rapidly growing economy. By gaining access to a strategically located port, the country’s capacity to participate in global trade is strengthened, which can result in economic growth, improved infrastructure and a strengthened trade balance. It reduces costs and increases the efficiency of import and export operations, which directly affects food security and can improve the standard of living of millions of people.
Cooperation between Ethiopia and Somaliland also promotes regional integration and security, which is important for stabilizing the Horn of Africa, a historically turbulent region. Stability in Ethiopia and its vicinity means a reduced risk of conflicts and humanitarian crises, which of course has a positive impact outside the region as well.
For Sweden and Europe, a stable and economically stronger Ethiopia means improved trade relations and new investment opportunities. It can lead to increased imports of Ethiopian goods and open doors for European technology and expertise to contribute to local development, including a green transition. Stability in the region also reduces migration and refugee pressure towards Europe through improved living conditions in the home countries.
What is worrying in this situation is the fact that Somalia’s unelected president Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has threatened war, as well as approached both Turkey and, most recently, Egypt to strengthen their military capabilities. It is thus a dictator, whose ministers include former terrorist leaders, who, despite having no control over his own territory, is prepared to invade the most democratic country in the region. Worse yet, there is extensive evidence that Somalia is at risk of continuing the ethnic cleansing of Somaliland’s dominant clan (Isaaq) that began during dictator Siad Barre’s time in power.
In light of the above, Foreign Minister Tobias Billström is requested to answer the following question:
Can the Minister consider taking diplomatic steps to prevent Somalia from starting an unnecessary war or possible genocide, and if not, what steps can we expect from the Minister and the Government?
The question of MP Wiechel published on the website of the Swedish Parliament said that the response of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Md. Tobias is expected on September 2, 2024.
The Former Somaliland Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Dr. Mohamed Abdullah Omer today in Nairobi the Kenya Capital met with representatives of the various Foreign missions and UN officials.
Dr. Mohamed Abdillahi Omer and the diplomats discussed the upcoming Presidential and Political organizations democratization process in the country and the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Ethiopia and Somaliland which stands at the center of these complexities in the region.
The Somaliland National Party if elected will allow women and minority group candidates to have Equal Representation in politics. “Waddani will put in place a framework to address the challenges that persist for women in Somaliland but stressed that more action is needed for equal representation in all facets of public life. “Enhancing women’s political participation also remains critical,” He said.
The Somaliland Former Minister of Foreign affairs further said, “The volatile political crisis in the Sool region has left experts confused and diplomats worried about a broad societal collapse that could ignite violence or prompt a wider conflict in the area unless appropriate measures are put into place to resolve the conflict.
He added that Dr. Abdurrahman Mohamed Abdillahi “Cirro” emerges as a promising candidate, with a vision to heal divisions, restore public trust, and tackle the challenges facing the nation.
Dr. Mohamed lastly said the Somaliland National Party Presidential hopeful Dr. Abdurrahman Cirro is expected to visit Nairobi, Kenya in the coming weeks to meet Western diplomats and Somaliland international partners based there to discuss the upcoming Presidential elections which are due to be held in November this year.
Mr. Jama Ayaanle Feyte is “WADDANI” Somaliland National Party Shadow Secretary in charge of Coordination with United Nations and International Organizations
(Analysis) In the vast, turbulent expanse of the Horn of Africa, a significant development has emerged that underscores the intricate geopolitical tapestry of the region.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Ethiopia and Somaliland stands at the center of these complexities, reflecting a mesh of political ambitions and economic strategies.
Ethiopia aims to broaden its political and economic reach, seeing the MoU as a vital tool in this quest. This ambition must navigate Somaliland’s intricate internal politics.
Clan dynamics, elections, and governance challenges could sway the MoU’s fate in the coming months. Regional diplomatic interactions add another layer of complexity to this scenario.
Turkiye’s Strategic Moves and Economic Ventures in the Horn
Turkiye has positioned itself as a mediator and influencer in the Horn, particularly through its involvement in the maritime MoU between Ethiopia and Somaliland.
By hosting diplomatic talks, Turkiye reinforces its role as a peacemaker, while its economic and military ventures in Somalia mark a significant footprint.
Investments in Somali infrastructure like roads and airports are pivotal, boosting Somalia’s economy and solidifying Turkiye’s strategic position.
The military domain is equally critical for Turkiye, with its largest overseas base in Mogadishu serving dual purposes: securing its economic interests and bolstering regional stability.
This military engagement complements its economic ventures, projecting Turkiye as a guardian of stability and a benefactor of prosperity.
Challenges and Critiques
Despite these efforts, Turkiye faces scrutiny over its motives and the sustainability of its investments.
Its diplomatic neutrality could be tested as it navigates the competing interests of Somalia and Somaliland, especially concerning territorial and maritime claims.
However, the balance Turkiye strives to maintain could be disrupted if perceived as favoring one side over the other.
Elections and Clan Dynamics: Internal Factors Affecting the MoU
In Somaliland, upcoming elections and prevailing clan rivalries are pivotal to the political landscape, potentially impacting the MoU’s success.
The need for political stability and cohesion is critical, as is the role of neighboring nations like Djibouti, Kenya, and Somalia, whose positions could influence regional perceptions and the efficacy of the MoU.
Broader Geopolitical Influences and Future Prospects
The geopolitical environment is further complicated by interests from powers like Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, particularly concerning issues like the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and regional maritime access.
Turkiye’s recent decision to deploy its navy to Somali waters adds another dimension to this complex geopolitical puzzle, potentially reshaping the security dynamics of the region.
Looking forward, the horn faces several challenges and opportunities. The escalation of military activities, such as those by Eritrea, poses the risk of increased regional tensions.
The political shifts in major global powers like the U.S. and the UK could also sway the dynamics in the Horn of Africa.
Achieving political stability is crucial for nurturing a conducive environment for diplomatic and economic advancements.
Recommendations for a Stable Future
To navigate these complexities, adopting new strategies for de-escalation and limiting non-state actors’ roles is vital. Promoting effective dispute resolution and inclusive political processes can mitigate conflicts and enhance unity.
A thorough analysis of regional partnerships will facilitate informed decisions. This is essential for strategic planning and long-term stability in the Horn of Africa.
This landscape of alliances, rivalries, and diplomatic maneuvers paints a vivid picture of a region at a crossroads. It highlights the importance of strategic diplomacy and economic collaborations in shaping its future.
The spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia Nebiyu Tedla has said that Ethiopia is committed to developing its legal and diplomatic efforts in order to realize its mission of gaining access to the sea.
Mr. Nebiyu, who spoke to the press in Addis Ababa, said that Ethiopia is grateful to Turkey for facilitating the bilateral talks between Ethiopia and Somalia that took place in Ankara.
He also mentioned that Ethiopia is committed to the implementation of the agreement it signed with Somaliland and that it will not negotiate with anyone on the cooperation and agreement it made with Somaliland.
He indicated that efforts are underway to prevent unnecessary conflicts regarding access to the sea.
On the other hand, the spokesman said that Ethiopia is closely monitoring the situation in Lebanon to ensure the safety of Ethiopians living there.
The President of the Republic of Somaliland H.E. Musa Bihi Abdi and the Prime Minister of the Federal Government of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed signed a memorandum of understanding on January 1 of this year 2024 that gives Ethiopia the opportunity to play a role in the Red Sea and in return Ethiopia becoming the first country to recognize the Republic of Somaliland as a sovereign state.
He pointed out that the zeal of Somalilanders in their aspirations is staunchly propelled by their will-power to protect and safeguard their rights.
By M.A. Egge
The President of Somaliland H.E. Musa Bihi Abdi has taken a swipe at Turkish and Egyptian efforts to undermine the essence and sovereignty of Somaliland who are in the process of taking their troops to Somalia.
He made it clear that the aspirations and efforts of the Somaliland people and its nation to achieve and realize their dreams are steadfastly tenable and cannot be violated.
Somaliland government and people are ready to defend their country together, he underpinned.
President Bihi criticized the Egyptian and Turkish move to take troops to Somalia saying that the action was tantamount to hamper Somaliland’s re-assertion of her independent sovereignty hence the ulterior motives will eventually come to nought.
He said the people and the nation of the Republic of Somaliland are always vigilant and steadfast in their endeavours, especially in defence of their country.
He pointed out that the zeal of Somalilanders in their aspirations is staunchly propelled by their will-power to protect and safeguard their rights.
The Head of State gave the sentiments while addressing the Burao University graduation ceremony on Saturday in the city.
He underscored the fact that the will of the people is far much stronger than the mightiness the big states assume to possess.
He noted that instead of countries like Egypt to open up the Rafah gates for relief supplies to alleviate the plight of the Palestinian people, they are in cahoots with the Turks to engage in unjustified actions to undermine Somaliland as a nation.
“For Egypt to fight for Somaliland to re-unify with Somalia and send their troops, they should first needfully open the Rafah passage for international aid to reach the Palestinian people”, he said.
President Musa compared the plight of the Palestinian people to that of Somaliland when the country’s cities was bombarded to ruins in the late 1980s.
He pointed out that the main difference was that the Somaliland genocide did not get much publicity as that of Palestine today.
He asserted that the resilience of the people that saw them persevere before and rebuild their country is the same one that tethers together Somalilanders today who steadfastly are vigilantly safeguarding and advancing their rights of aspirations.
He was categorical that the Turks interests in the region was not in that of the Somali but in fact was one to advance their own (Turkish).
The Horn of Africa is a region marked by its complex geopolitical landscape and diverse array of players. A significant development in this context is the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Ethiopia and Somaliland, which has garnered extensive attention and raised numerous questions. This MoU represents a crucial juncture for both nations, shaped by a confluence of political, economic, and strategic factors. Understanding the diverse elements that will influence the success of this agreement, including regional diplomatic dynamics, internal political stability, and the broader geopolitical rivalries of the Middle East, is essential. This article explores these dimensions, offering insights and recommendations for fostering stability and progress in the Horn of Africa.
Ethiopia’s interest in maintaining and expanding its political and economic influence in the region is paramount. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) leverages its strategic ambitions, which will shape its interactions with Somaliland. Concurrently, the internal political landscape of Somaliland, characterized by clan politics, elections, power-sharing, and governance issues, will significantly influence the MoU’s implementation over the next six months. Regional diplomatic dynamics further complicate the scene.
Turkiye’s role and the Ethiopia-Somaliland MoU
Turkiye’s strategic interests and actions in the Horn of Africa, especially in Somalia and its involvement in the Ethiopia-Somaliland maritime agreement, highlight a multifaceted approach combining diplomatic mediation with economic and military interests. Turkiye has hosted two consecutive talks in Ankara between Ethiopia and Somalia aimed at resolving tensions over the Ethiopia-Somaliland maritime MoU since July 2024, with another round scheduled for next month. Turkiye’s mediation underscores its ongoing diplomatic effort to strengthen its role as a key player in regional conflicts. By facilitating these talks, Turkiye aims to project its influence and extend its diplomatic reach in the Horn of Africa.
Economic Interests: Turkiye has significant economic interests in Somalia, primarily focused on exploiting local resources and investing in infrastructure projects. These include investments in roads, airports, and other critical infrastructure that not only serve to boost Somalia’s economy but also enhance Turkiye’s strategic economic foothold in the region.
Military and Security Engagement: Apart from its economic pursuits, Turkiye maintains a substantial military presence in Somalia, evidenced by its largest overseas military training base located in Mogadishu. This base, used for training Somali soldiers, symbolizes Turkiye’s commitment to securing its interests through direct security engagement. The military presence serves multiple purposes: it secures Turkish investments, supports a stable government in Somalia, and provides Turkiye leverage over regional security matters.
Influence on Regional Geopolitics: Turkiye’s involvement in the Horn of Africa is part of a broader strategy to expand its geopolitical influence. By engaging both economically and militarily, Turkiye positions itself as a crucial intermediary capable of shaping political outcomes in the region. Its role in mediating between Ethiopia and Somalia further allows Turkiye to balance its relations with both countries while maintaining a neutral stance in public.
Despite these efforts, Turkiye faces challenges, including criticism of its motives and the sustainability of its investments. Critics argue that Turkiye’s interest in Somalia’s resources could overshadow its diplomatic efforts and potentially lead to dependency or exploitation. Moreover, Turkiye’s balancing act between supporting Somalia’s territorial claims and fostering relations with Somaliland through its support of Ethiopia’s maritime ambitions could strain its relations with either state if not managed carefully.
In conclusion, the Ethiopia-Somaliland MoU is a critical element in this dynamic environment, influenced by political, economic, and military considerations.
Current Relational Developments Impacting the MoU
The upcoming elections in Somaliland, along with clan rivalries, will be a critical determinant of the political stability and cohesion necessary for the MoU’s success. The actualization of agreements and partnerships formed under the MoU will require rigorous implementation procedures to ensure tangible outcomes. Moreover, the diplomatic stances of Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya, whether supportive or oppositional, will play a significant role in shaping the regional acceptance and efficacy of the MoU. Political instability and inter-clan conflicts within Ethiopia and Somalia pose substantial risks to the sustained implementation of the MoU. Furthermore, the geopolitical rivalries involving Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE will influence regional dynamics, particularly in relation to trans-boundary issues like the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and port access. In a significant recent development, the Turkish Parliament has voted to deploy its navy to the Somali coasts following a defense agreement signed between Somalia and Turkiye.
This move is expected to add another layer of complexity to the regional dynamics, influencing the security landscape and potentially altering the balance of power in the Horn of Africa. Additionally, the role of international bodies, particularly the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), in addressing and shaping the regional political discourse, cannot be overlooked.
Future Prospects and Challenges
Looking ahead, several challenges and prospects emerge. The intensification of military training by Eritrea, accused of training militias from Somalia, could escalate regional military tensions. Turkiye’s involvement in the region, bolstered by its recent naval deployment, will be shaped by its national interests and strategic efforts to counter other Middle Eastern powers. The outcomes of the U.S. elections and leadership changes in the UK will significantly influence the political dynamics in the Horn of Africa. Achieving increased political stability will be crucial for fostering an environment conducive to diplomatic and economic progress. Additionally, emerging military alliances among regional countries will redefine the power dynamics and strategic calculations in the Horn of Africa.
Recommendations for Stability and Progress
To navigate these complexities and foster stability, several strategies should be adopted. Establishing new frameworks aimed at de-escalating tensions and curbing the activities of non-state actors is essential for long-term stability. Promoting effective internal dispute resolution mechanisms and fostering inclusive consultations will help mitigate internal conflicts and promote unity. Conducting comprehensive cost-benefit analyses of regional partnerships and alliances will enable informed decision-making and strategic planning. AS
Hamidi Jama is a maritime security commentator and analyst. He can be reached at hamidijama8@gmail.com
The national presidential and political parties are expected to take place soon and ought to be supported by working concertedly toward its success..
These were sentiments expressed by Minister of Finance Hon. Dr. Saad Ali Shire as he addressed a gathering in Oodweyne during the President’s visit to the area.
He said that the elections expected to take place in the country later this year are well organized and would hopefully be without incidences.
He underscored the fact that there is a need to work together to deal with any negative eventualities, if any.
While noting that the main stakeholders in the nation’s electioneering processes were four-prong, viz the government, elections commission, the political parties and lastly the populaces, he said that for the successfulness of the universal suffrage exercise to occur all the sectors have to work positively in concerted efforts.
He expressed his confidence that he expected the elections will be held timely and successfully. He underpinned the need to safeguard unity and harmonious setting for success to be realized.
The Minister of Finance of Somaliland has said that there is a need to protect the election and its holding by four parties and he pointed out that they are the ones who are responsible for the holding of the elections.
The Ambassador of the Republic of Somaliland to the United Kingdom Abdi Abdillahi Hirsi (Dayahwerar) had a meeting with officials from the British Foreign Ministry.
A meeting held at the Somaliland Embassy in the UK attended by members of the Somaliland community in the country was graced by Md. Ilyas Malik, the British representative in Somaliland and officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The meeting between the two sides discussed the cooperation between the two countries in the fields of security, development, investment and issues related to the Somaliland community in the UK.
Abdi Dayxwerar, who spoke to the media about the purpose of the meeting, said that it concerned the bilateral cooperation between the two countries.
“The meeting exchanged different ideas, the things that are important to the British Somaliland community and also the development of Somaliland needs”, he noted.
The members of the Somaliland Community in the UK who spoke at the meeting praised the Somaliland Ambassador to the UK for organizing the meeting and appreciated the points exchanged between the diplomats of the British Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
It was agreed that the meeting should be regular and held quarterly, every three months.
Locusts and army-worms are reportedly causing havoc in Gorayo-hun area of Duruqsi district of Togdeer region.
It has been reported that in the last few days locusts have damaged the pastures and crops completely ravaging them.
Jama Omar, who is one of the resident farmers in the area, expressed strong concern about the effect of locusts on the pastures and crops that have seriously impacted negatively on the livestock.
He lamented that of late the animals have poisoned as a result of what they ingested in the affected pastures hence have caused many gestating animals to abort.
Jama said that locusts are widespread in the area and now that the large locusts were being compounded by another generation of hatched eggs which have further deteriorated the situation.
Since restoring its independence from Somalia in 1991, Somaliland Republic has emerged as a stable and confident nation in a region often plagued by conflict.
While Somalia continues to grapple with internal strife and mayhem, despite the billions of dollars spent by the international community to stabilize it, Somaliland has charted a markedly different course.
It has built a vibrant democratic society governed by a homegrown rule of law that is the envy of many developing countries.
The world must not forget the atrocities committed by Somalia against Somaliland in 1988, when Somaliland’s cities, villages, and economic infrastructure were deliberately destroyed.
This act of genocide forced hundreds of thousands to flee, seeking refuge and protection in neighboring countries and across the globe.
The memory of those who lost their lives remains vivid, serving as a stark reminder of the brutality that Somalia authorities unleashed, unchecked by international human rights laws, Somaliland will remain Sovereign nation within its internationally recognised Territory pre 26th June 1960 and in accordance with International treaties.
Since 1991, a new generation has been born and raised in Somaliland—one that has never seen Somalia officials in their streets, cities, or towns, only Somaliland Police and civil Servants acting under Somaliland constitution and rule of law. To them, these officials are alien, foreign nationals with little in common.
Somalilanders are now educated and encouraged by their Government, Multi Political Parties and nation to aspire to high office within their nation and on the global stage, as exemplified by the successful Somaliland diaspora spread across the world.
Somaliland’s journey is one of resilience and determination, and it stands as a testament to what can be achieved with strong leadership, a commitment to democracy, and a focus on the rule of law.
As Somalia continues to struggle, Somaliland offers a model of stability and governance that the world should recognise and support.
Abdikarim Abdi Adan
Somaliland Sovereignty Not Negotiable
