The former president of the Republic of Somaliland H.E. Dahir Rayale Kaahin advised the nation to shun tribalism and clannish tendencies as he delivered a speech at the 33rd anniversary commemoration event of the May 18th Day that the country re-asserted its nationhood.
H.E. Dahir Rayale who was the 3rd Head of State of the country congratulated all the people of Somaliland both within the country and abroad.
He wished them success, prosperity, and progress, noting that the nation of Somaliland has come a long way.
He cautioned politicians to tread a path a path that is devoid of tribal sentiments as the start their political campaigns for the forth coming presidential and political party elections that is around the corner.
He warned against hate speeches, malicious and sarcasm in public utterances that may fan seeds of discord and tarnish the harmony cherished.
“We have urged political parties and organizations to veer away from tribalism and compete in a political party-oriented system”, he said, and continued; “It has been a long road to where we are today. It did not come lightly. The youth may assume all has been well, but nay, we have come a long way through bitter struggles”
He said that his main advice is for the politicians and the people of Somaliland to shun tribalism and completely veer away from clannish tendencies which he lamented that has taken root in recent times.
Noting that the political parties systems was mooted to aid electioneering processes and cultivate a zero-tribal tolerance.
Saying that the introduction of political parties’ culture was to nip the buds of tribalism since where clannish tendencies reign supreme, the essence of nationhood fizzles out.
He appealed to politicians and the populaces alike to be objective and nurture justifiable wisdom that is worth its salt and be fair-minded and impartial.
he similarly advised present and future leaders to be more just in their dispensations by upholding impartiality, justice and equality to all the subjects in the country and nation of Somaliland.
No amount of pressure would sway the nation from achieving its aspirations, he says
The President of the Republic of Somaliland H.E. Musa Bihi Abdi has reiterated the fact that the MoU envisaged to earn Somaliland its obligated recognition that was mutually entered with the neighbouring country of Ethiopia is duly on course and would be seen to treatise.
He reassured friends and foes alike that the nation of the Republic of Somaliland is here to stay for ever without being swayed by any entities and that no any amount of pressure would sway the determination and resolve of the people from achieving their aspirations.
The Head of State similarly was convictional that the nations aspirations as a dejure state is there to remain hence no foes would curtail its determination whatsoever.
The President expressed the sentiments as he addressed the nation on the occasion of the 33rd celebrations of the 18th May Anniversary that saw the country declare the re-assertion and re-establishment of her independence that was first earned from the British on the 26th of June 1960.
Thus, it was the day that Somaliland severed its ties and dissolved the ill-fated union entered with Somalia, which was an Italian protectorate, following Mogadishu’s tyrannical tendencies that perpetrated genocide of Somalilanders.
H.E. Musa Bihi reminded the nation that the gumption Somaliland had when it entered its union with Somalia was propelled by the dream of the Greater Somalia, a determination that was fronted by Somaliland that would have seen all Somali inhabited areas come to one thresh-hold.
This dream was first undermined by the Mogadishu administration which was quite partisan in its distribution of the national cake and power play, thence had Somaliland terribly short circuited.
The result, the President explained, saw belligerent and dissent by Somalilanders who cried foul; the Mogadishu government thereafter exacerbated the situation instead of addressing it and acting in a just and appropriate manner.
The President noted that the subsequent persecution of the people who were deemed insurgents resulted in the armed struggles that triumphantly resulted in the declaration of the reverting to the initial statehood.
He explained at length how the Somali government of Mogadishu, to their chagrin, have tried to undermine Somaliland in the past three decades and even stepped up their fight against Somaliland’s nation-hood in recent times instead of pacifying and unite their own backyard.
He pointed out that Somaliland has progressively remained on course to steadfastly make progress in all spheres of social-economical, political and security sectors over the years without tangible foreign funding.
H.E. Musa Bihi sent his greetings and congratulations to the people of Somaliland on the occasion of the observance of the national day hence urged them to be united solidly hence remain steadfast to the cause, aspirations and determination with the resilient nature they have depicted over the decades to achieve their dreams.
He took a swipe at the Mogadishu administration led by Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud for running berserk when Somaliland entered a bilateral MoU with the government of Ethiopia for the good of both nations. He noted that the cry of unheralded “holy war” against Ethiopia declared by Hassan Sheikh was only not tenable, uncalled for or binding, but only depicted bitterness and deep-rooted loathing of the aspirations of the people of Somaliland.
He said that they globe trotted all over to decry Somaliland’s aspirations demanding that they, Mogadishu, enter the Ethiopia agreements instead, and by thus, bringing forth to limelight their hypocrisy.
The President was categorical that the agreements with Ethiopia is at an advanced stage and would be seen to be implement in a professional manner and in conformity with international standards of bonafide treaties.
He echoed former President Dahir Rayale’s words of wisdom that cautioned against virulent words by politicians across the political divide in public during the electioneering campaigns period.
He called for sobriety and positive engagements devoid of malice that may foment seeds of discord amongst the populaces during the elections campaigns season.
He joked with his main competitor Dr. Abdirahman Mohamed Abdillahi Irro who is the WADDANI flag-bearer saying that any of them that wins the presidential race should congratulate the other.
H.E. Dahir Rayale Kahin who addressed the audience immediately before the President was invited to the dais by the Hargeisa City Mayor Cllr. Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge who hailed Somalilanders and their resilience for impeccably building the nation from scratch without any international help.
Present at the dais to grace the occasion was also former Vice Presidents H.E. Abdirahman Aw-Ali Farah and Ahmed Yusuf Yasin, Senate Speaker Hon. Suleiman M. Adan, Speaker of the House of Representatives Hon. Yasin Hiir Faratoon, Chairman of the WADDANI Mr. Hirsi Ali X. Hassan, WADDANI presidential candidate Hon. Abdirahman M. Abdillahi, service commanders, officials from the KULMIYE Party and the UCID Party, members of the cabinet, MPs, diplomats, distinguished local and foreign guests.
The commemoration of the 33rd anniversary of the Republic of Somaliland’s re-assertion of its Independence Day declared on May 18th 1991 was held remarkably at the capital city, in all the regions and districts across the country and in foreign lands where ample numbers of Somalilanders reside.
The Head of State H.E. President Musa Bihi Abdi who was flanked by the 3rd President of the Somaliland H.E. Dahir Rayale Kahin led the nation in celebrating the Day.
He was convictional that the nation of the Republic of Somaliland will continue its aspirations and shall never turn the clock back as far as its essence and entity as a nation was concerned, as he addressed the nation, while H.E. Rayale urged the populaces to shun tribalism and clannish tendencies.
Present at the dais to grace the occasion was also former Vice President Abdirahman Aw-Ali Farah, former Vice President Ahmed Yusuf Yasin, Senate Speaker Hon. Suleiman M. Adan, Speaker of the House of Representatives Hon. Yasin Hiir Faratoon, Chairman of the WADDANI Mr. Hirsi Ali X. Hassan, WADDANI presidential candidate Hon. Abdirahman M. Abdillahi, service commanders, officials from the KULMIYE Party and the UCID Party, members of the cabinet, MPs, diplomats, distinguished local and foreign guests.
Hundreds of thousands of city residents who enthusiastically celebrated the anniversary thronged the streets to highlight, underscore and emphasize the essence and entity of Somaliland as a nation hence holding its aspirations in esteem.
The numbers of people glued to television sets and social media has this time round been unprecedented and formidable as they followed the events being streamed live.
Impressive performance in the arena was the participation of students from the country’s colleges and schools, the city’s boroughs and prefectures, various business associations, governmental and non-governmental institutions.
Some of the Ministries and national institutions of Somaliland, especially the Ministry of Information and the National Newspaper Dawan, the various departments that participated in the event presented their special skills, and were greatly welcomed by the members of the public and the audience.
Various arms of the security departments made an impeccable march with displays of their military gears, some being new and had never been paraded in public before.
The sight of the hundreds of thousands of troops that passed through the square has become a reality for friends and foes alike, hence evidently exhibits the potential of the national armed forces with hundreds of armoured cars displayed.
On the other hand, the commemoration event on 18 May 2024, has been celebrated more widely than in previous years in the regions and districts of the country.
Its motto is Recognition, Solidarity and National Defense,
The celebrations are being observed abroad by the diaspora with participations of officials who have already been dispatched from Somaliland.
For instance, the deputy speaker of the House of Representatives is already in Holland to join the diaspora patriots in celebrating the Day.
The Republic of Somaliland has become a pioneer of peace and democracy in Africa in the mid that most African countries are jeopardized by authoritarian regimes and military coups.
Today, Saturday, May 18, the people of Somaliland across the world gathered in different places to celebrate 33 years since their State from a failed union with Somalia in 1991.
The country has since been practically independent with a government and other national attributes. However, the international community still regards it as a place in Somalia even given the significance calls by nationals in and out of the country for its recognition.
This explanatory piece delves into the country’s independence and why the world must recognise it.
The Republic of Somaliland is situated in a very strategic location in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea and has always been of interest for global strategic and commercial viabilities.
In the mid-16th century, the great Ottoman Empire annexed the port of Zeila and provided protection, at a cost collected through customs and other charges, for Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants who serviced the trade requirements of the surrounding area and the Abyssinian hinterland.
Shortly after Britain set garrisons in Aden Yemen, only 150 miles across the Berbera port of the Republic of Somaliland, in 1839, Somaliland became a source of fresh meat.
With the departure of the Egyptians and the possibility that other colonial powers had their eyes trained on the potential of the Somaliland coasts and its hinterland, Britain had to act fast.
The British government and Somali elders signed a series of treaties with Britain from 1884-1886 and the British government agreed to the Somali elders’ conditions among which were: (a) that Somaliland was to be a Protectorate and not a colonial conquest, and (b) that no British baby was to be delivered on the mainland.
Only after the agreement was finalized and signed on hide skin aboard a ship was the British able to land in the soil of Somaliland.
Somaliland obtained its independence from Great Britain on June 26th, 1960, by the Royal Proclamation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth.
The independent state of Somaliland was the 15th state to gain independence in Africa and was immediately welcomed by 35 UN member states, including permanent members of the Security Council.
A few days later, Somaliland voluntarily entered into a merger with Italian Somalia on July 1st, 1960 to form the Somali Republic.
The dream of the Greater Somali Republic that Somalilanders were advocating and pursuing did not succeed and malfunctioned in its inception.
For instance, the first attempted voluntary union between Somaliland and Somalia had failed in its onset while the two sides did not succeed in ‘ratifying the Act of Union’ and this has made the union, void, unsuccessful, unlawful, and unattractive to the rest of the Somali people in the region.
In this regard, the history of Somaliland and Somalia voluntary union has been portrayed as an aborted union, from the onset and is characterized by volatility, outright bias and marginalization, destruction, gross human rights violations, deprivation, underdevelopment, ethnic cleansing, and genocide against the people of Somaliland.
An estimated more than 50,000 innocent civilians were killed in 1988 when 500, 000 people fled to Ethiopia from the main cities of Somaliland.
Rebirth of Somaliland
The Somali National Movement (SNM), which was founded in 1981 -1991, succeeded in liberating Somaliland and defeated the military regime of Siyad Barre in January 1991.
The victory of SNM has become the beginning of reinstating the hope and the will of the people to freely determine their political destiny and deepening the fate of peace and political solidarity of the people of Somaliland.
Therefore, the Republic of Somaliland restored its sovereignty on 18 May 1991 withdrawing from the unlawful merger with Somalia in 1960. The decision was made by the Grand Conference of Clan Elders held in Burao from 27 April to 15 May 1991.
It was later supported by the Somaliland Public after the referendum was held that reaffirmed Somaliland’s reinstating its sovereignty from Somalia as a separate independent sovereign state where 97.1 % voted in favor of the reclaimed sovereignty.
The withdrawal from this failed union with Somalia in 1991, does not in any way contradict the Constitutive Act of the African Union or any other international law. This fact was confirmed by the report of the African Union Fact-Finding Mission to Somaliland in 2005.
In the meantime, Somaliland’s withdrawal from this aborted union with Somalia does not constitute secession while Somaliland and Somalia were two independent countries united as many other African nations had experienced in their post-colonial political settlements.
Aftermath, of Somaliland’s, regained its sovereignty in 1991, the Republic of Somaliland has succeeded in major political, security, economic, and social development including peace-building, state-building, political stability, restoring social services, liberalizing the economy, and establishment of the constitutional democracy.
Somaliland has flourished in the state-building and democratization process concurrently.
Somaliland state-building process was also a social contract where clans’ representatives and politicians signed the national charter in 1993 that later transformed into a national constitution.
In 2001, the national referendum was held where 97% of the turnout ratified the national constitution and reaffirmed Somaliland to be an independent, democratic, and sovereign nation-state.
The constitutional democracy was a major political step taken in the right direction because Somalilanders had the ambition and dream to have a democratic system and constitutional state that upholds the rights and aspirations of the citizens.
Today, the Republic of Somaliland is a champion and leading country in Africa and the Horn of Africa in particular creating and institutionalizing a multiparty political system and competitive, free, fair, and transparent elections.
The Republic of Somaliland is the first country in the world and Africa that succeeded in a biometric iris scan voter registration system, and this was aimed at preventing any fraud and irregularities in the elections.
The international observers subsequently testified how the Somaliland elections are the most peaceful, free, fair, transparent, and orderly manner of elections in which most African countries and the third world did not conduct its kind.
The Republic of Somaliland has become a pioneer of peace and democracy in Africa in the mid that most African countries are jeopardized by authoritarian regimes and military coups.
Moreover, peace, political stability, and democratic credentials have enabled Somaliland to prove its citizens enjoy peace, political stability, and security which inspired the international community to support Somaliland both social development, economic growth, state-building, and democratization process.
Somaliland has also fulfilled the statehood criteria that the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933) laid down permanent population, a defined territory, and government and has capacity to enter into relations with other states.
Land boundaries
The Republic of Somaliland is bounded by the Red Sea – Gulf of Aden – to the north; Somalia to the east; the Federal Republic of Ethiopia to the south and the west; and the Republic of Djibouti to the northwest.
Somaliland is positioned along the Gulf of Aden near the entrance to the Bab al-Mandeb, a major sea lane through which almost one-third of the world’s shipping passes.
Somaliland boundaries were amply defined by, respectively, the Anglo-French Treaty of 1888, the Anglo-Italian Protocol of 1894, and the Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1897.
The Djibouti–Somaliland boundary was established by the Anglo-French agreement of February 2–9, 1888.
Country area and population
The country’s Area is 110,000 Square Miles or 177,000 Square Km, the overall population can be deduced from area-specific computations made of population distribution in the different regions of the Republic adding up to 5.7 million.
Somaliland officially attained its independence from Britain on June 26, 1960.
Coastline and Maritine Zone
The Somaliland coast lies north of the equator, between latitude 10.0N and latitude 11.0N and between longitudes 43. 15/E and longitude 49.0E in the Gulf of Aden. It stretches 856km with an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area of approximately70, 000 sq. km.
The four main zones Somaliland has an international right to command are (a) a territorial sea that extends twelve nautical miles seaward from delineated baselines; (b) a contiguous zone that extends beyond the seaward limit of the territorial sea to a distance of 24 nm; (c) a continental shelf that extends 200 nautical miles seaward from its baselines, subject to delimitation with states having overlapping maritime claims in accordance with international law; and (d) An exclusive economic zone that equally extends 200 nautical miles seaward from its baselines subject to delimitation with states having overlapping maritime claims in accordance with international law.
Political Structure
The government of Somaliland comprises legislative, executive, and judicial branches – each of which counterchecks the other but does not have a direct overarching jurisdiction over the other paving the way for a system of check-and-balance.
The legislative comprises a bicameral parliament breaking into the House of Elders, ‘Guurti’ or (Upper House of Parliament), and the Lower House which is called the House of Representatives. Each of the two houses has 82 members.
The Republic of Somaliland’s Constitution permits three national political parties, which are currently Kulmiye (ruling party), UCID, and WADDANI – the two opposition parties.
Regional and International Engagement
Somaliland is located in the Horn of Africa region which is currently very volatile due to several reasons including but not limited to poverty, ethnic devastating conflicts, violent extremists, pandemic diseases, effects of locusts, proxy wars, internal displacement, illegal immigration, recurrent droughts, and an increasing underdevelopment conditions in the region as high youth unemployment rates caused by persistent poverty.
Moreover, Somaliland is committed to maintaining and upholding regional and international peace and security and Somaliland is not only keeping its own territory and borders peaceful, stable, and secure but also, work with neighboring countries such as Ethiopia, and Djibouti to secure their borders from the invasion of violent terrorism and other organized crimes.
Somaliland also is committed to working with partner countries and the international community at larger in combating terrorist groups and piracy.
Somaliland is also dedicated to promoting regional economic integration, transnational trade, liberalizing the economy, and advancing the free market.
The expansion and modernizing of Berbera Port and the construction of a corridor road linking the Somaliland coast to Ethiopia promise greater regional economic cooperation across various countries in the region.
However, the overreaching goal of this regional economic integration is to ensure that landlocked countries such as Ethiopia have access to multiple trade routes and Berbera has become one of the most appropriate routes in terms of traffic and distance to Ethiopia regarding other various routes in coastal countries.
The Berbera corridor has been regarded as a highly welcomed initiative in regard to regional and transnational trade activities in the region and this cements the African Continental Free Trade Area and its efforts to foster the continental economic integration.
Somaliland Restoration Day: A Celebration of Independence and Call for Recognition
As Somaliland celebrates to commemorate its 33rd Restoration on this Day May 18, 2024, the nation stands proud, reflecting on its journey towards independence and the continued call for international recognition.
Since reclaiming its independence from the failed union with Somalia, of June 26, 2960.
Somaliland has been steadfast in its pursuit of self-determination and sovereignty. May 18 Restoration Day marks a pivotal moment in Somaliland’s history, symbolizing the resilience and determination of its people to reclaim their rightful place on the global stage.
Over the past three decades, Somaliland has demonstrated its commitment to democratic governance, peace, and stability in the Horn of Africa region. Despite facing numerous challenges, including economic hardships and geopolitical complexities, Somaliland has emerged as a beacon of hope and progress.
As Somaliland celebrates its 33rd Restoration Day, it is also a time to renew the call for international recognition. The people of Somaliland have shown their readiness and capability to govern themselves, uphold democratic principles, and contribute positively to the international community.
Recognition of Somaliland is not only a matter of justice but also a step towards fostering peace, stability, and prosperity in the region. By acknowledging Somaliland’s sovereignty, the international community can empower its people to fully realize their potential and contribute to the global efforts for peace and development.
On this auspicious occasion, Somaliland calls upon the international community, including governments and organizations worldwide, to recognize its sovereignty and support its aspirations for self-determination.
As Somaliland commemorates its 33rd Restoration Day, let us reaffirm our commitment to justice, peace, and unity, and work together towards a future where all nations are respected and recognized in the community of nations.
The people of Somaliland practically take the world to task again by showcasing their 33-year-old successful state demanding diplomatic recognition.
Somaliland is abuzz with celebrations as it marks the 33rd anniversary of the restoration of its sovereignty. This significant milestone commemorates the day when Somaliland reclaimed its independence following the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic in 1991.
The journey towards sovereignty was not an easy one for Somaliland. After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1960, Somaliland voluntarily – albeit mindlessly – united with Somalia to form the Somali Republic. However, internal conflicts, governance issues, imbalance of powersharing and resources, widespread persecution, and looting targeting large sections of the Somaliland population, culminated in a devastating civil war that claimed the lives of more than 200 000 Somaliland civilians, the destruction of cities and the displacement of more than half a million people, led to the dissolution of this union, prompting Somaliland to assert its independence once again.
Since declaring independence, Somaliland has made remarkable progress in establishing a stable government, fostering democracy, and promoting economic development. The country has held multiple democratic elections, solidified its institutions, and maintained peace and stability despite the challenges it faces.
As Somaliland celebrates its 33rd anniversary of sovereignty restoration, the occasion serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of its people. Festivities across the nation include cultural events, parades, traditional dances, and reflections on the journey towards independence.
While Somaliland continues to seek international recognition as a sovereign nation, its achievements in self-governance and nation-building are commendable. The anniversary celebrations not only highlight the pride and unity of the Somaliland people but also showcase the progress and aspirations of a nation determined to forge its own path.
As Somaliland looks towards the future, the 33rd anniversary of sovereignty restoration serves as a reminder of the courage and perseverance that have defined the country’s journey. It is a time to reflect on the challenges overcome, the successes achieved, and the aspirations for a prosperous and peaceful future for Somaliland and its people.
This year’s anniversary celebrations which will be concluded tomorrow, May 18th, but had started a week earlier, are a vibrant display of patriotism, solidarity, and hope for a brighter tomorrow. As the flags wave, the music plays, and the people come together in unity, Somaliland stands tall, proud of its history, and resolute in its vision for the future.
Elections
Somaliland developed a system where each eligible voter casts one vote in elections. The country has held multiple elections since declaring independence from Somalia in 1991, including presidential, parliamentary, and local elections. The electoral process in Somaliland generally follows democratic principles, with voters choosing their representatives through a voting system that allows each person to cast one vote.
To date, Somaliland held 8 1-person, 1-vote elections the last of which combined parliamentary and local councils elections, and another combination this time around twinning presidential and national parties’ elections is slated for Nover, later in the year.
Somaliland VS Somalia Democracy Landscape
Somaliland has been relatively more successful in conducting democratic elections compared to Somalia. Since withdrawing from the ill-fated union with Somalia in 1991, Somaliland has held multiple rounds of presidential, parliamentary, and local elections. These elections have generally been regarded as relatively free and fair by international observers.
Some factors that have contributed to Somaliland’s success in elections compared to Somalia include:
1. Stability: Somaliland has enjoyed more political stability compared to Somalia, which has been plagued by conflicts and instability for many years. This stability has created a conducive environment for the functioning of democratic institutions and electoral processes.
2. Strong institutions: Somaliland has developed relatively strong political institutions over the years, including an independent electoral commission that oversees the electoral process. These institutions have helped in organizing and conducting elections in a more transparent and credible manner.
3. Consensus-building: Somaliland has a tradition of consensus-building among its political elites, which has helped in resolving political disputes and ensuring peaceful transitions of power. This has contributed to the overall success of the electoral process in the region.
President Bihi freely moves around with festive crowds in central Hargeisa on Thursday evening
In contrast, Somalia has faced significant challenges in conducting free and fair elections due to ongoing conflicts, political instability, and the presence of armed groups. Somalia has yet to hold a single 1-person 1-vote election. Instead, clan elders ‘select’ MPs and, in turn, the MPs pick a president.
It is important to note that both Somaliland and Somalia face unique political, social, and economic challenges, and their electoral processes are influenced by a range of factors. The differences in their electoral success can be attributed to the varying contexts and circumstances in each region.
Diplomatic Recognition
Somaliland has been seeking international recognition as an independent state separate from Somalia. Somaliland has been functioning relatively independently since it declared independence from Somalia in 1991 after the overthrow of the Siad Barre regime.
However, despite Somaliland’s efforts to establish a stable and democratic government, build institutions, and maintain peace and stability within its borders, it has not yet received full diplomatic recognition from the international community. The African Union and the United Nations still consider Somaliland as an autonomous region of Somalia, and most countries have not recognized its independence to date.
The recognition of a new state involves complex political, legal, and diplomatic considerations, and many countries are cautious about recognizing new states due to concerns about territorial integrity, regional stability, and adherence to international law and norms.
Recognition Cons and Pros
Somaliland is a de facto independent state located in the Horn of Africa, with a rich history, vibrant culture, and strategic geopolitical position. Once a British protectorate, Somaliland gained independence in 1960 and voluntarily united with Somalia to form the Somali Republic. However, decades of oppression and military dictatorship under the Siad Barre regime led to a prolonged civil war, ultimately resulting in Somaliland’s unilateral declaration of independence in 1991.
Situated at the crossroads of Africa and the Middle East, Somaliland occupies a prime geostrategic position. Its deep-water ports and proximity to major shipping lanes make it a vital hub for regional trade and commerce. Somaliland’s stability and self-sufficiency also make it an anchor of security in the turbulent Horn of Africa. Its partnership with neighboring countries and engagement with international organizations showcase its crucial
regional role.
Somaliland fulfills all preconditions of statehood in strict accordance with the Montevideo Convention: permanent population, a defined territory, fully functioning government, and capacity to enter into relations with other states.
Furthermore, Somaliland’s union with Somalia has never been legally consummated, and this fact was underlined by a fact-finding mission that the African Union sent to Somaliland in 2005. The mission strongly recommended that Somaliland must be treated as a special case, stating ‘”The fact that the ‘union between Somaliland and Somalia was never ratified’ and also malfunctioned when it went into action from 1960 to 1990, makes Somaliland’s search for recognition historically unique and self-justified in African political history. Objectively viewed, the case should not be linked to the notion of ‘opening Pandora’s box’. As such the AU should find a special method of dealing with this ‘outstanding matter.”
There are so many precedents to Somaliland’s demand for separation from a disastrous decision that briefly tied it to Somalia semi-voluntarily (1960 to 1969), and by force under a brutal military Somalia dictatorship (1969-1991).
One of the arguments strongly favoring international recognition is that Somaliland has established a robust democratic system, holding regular elections that are widely regarded
as free and fair. The country boasts a vibrant multiparty political landscape, with a democratically-elected president, parliament, and local government structures.
Somaliland’s democratic institutions have been crucial in maintaining stability and promoting good governance. The Somaliland government has also implemented strong rule of law measures, with an independent judiciary and a commitment to protecting human rights. This has helped to foster an environment of peace and security, which has in turn attracted foreign investment and enabled economic development.
Why is recognition important?
Without diplomatic recognition, Somaliland faces significant economic challenges, including
limited access to international markets, trade barriers, and restrictions on foreign investment. This inhibits its potential for sustainable economic growth and development.
Somaliland’s position in the volatile Horn of Africa region, with its complex power dynamics and competing interests, complicates its path to recognition. Navigating the delicate regional geopolitical landscape is a constant challenge.
Somaliland’s unrecognized status prevents it from establishing formal diplomatic ties and engaging with the international community on equal terms. This diplomatic isolation limits its ability to advocate for its interests and build strategic alliances.
Somaliland today will celebrate its 33rd anniversary of independence from Somalia, marking a significant milestone in its history. The celebrations included parades, speeches by government officials, and reflections on the progress made since 1991. Despite facing challenges and a lack of international recognition, Somaliland has made strides in governance, security, and development. The anniversary coincided with preparations for the upcoming presidential election and hopes for a diplomatic agreement with Ethiopia.
By Abdirahman Abdillahi Jibril (Awliyo)
May is one of the most important months for Somaliland, it is the month when Somaliland regained its independence from Somalia. Historically, Somaliland’s independence goes back to June 26th 1960 when the nation gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
The celebration of this event is expected to be attended by millions of people living in Somaliland and hundreds of thousands of Diaspora living abroad. On this day, Somalilanders are sharing their joy. The days goes back to 1991 on May 18, when the Burao conference was held and marked a turning point in Somaliland’s history. As I mentioned in my article about Somaliland’s 30th anniversary, the Burao conference brought together representatives from all communities and regions of Somaliland. After a long and extensive consultation, one of the most important outcomes of the conference was the decision to reclaim the statehood of Somaliland on the 18th May 1991.
You may ask yourself a lot of questions about what prompted Somaliland to regain its sovereignty from Somalia and the different historical processes that Somaliland has gone through to reach where it is today. In this brief article, the purpose is not to mention in detail the Somaliland historical past and especially the struggle that finally led to the citizens of Somaliland regaining their freedom. If you need more information about this you may want to refer, for this, to my article on the 30th Anniversary (Somaliland-30th-anniversary-2021-pdf-new.pdf (horndiplomat.com).
What does it mean for Somalilanders to celebrate for their 33rd anniversary this week?
This year’s 18th May celebration kicked off early in Somaliland and the Diaspora communities. On May 18th, Somaliland will present in the capital of Hargeisa, along with other cities and towns in the country, parades intended to celebrate Somaliland’s 33rd anniversary. These parades are well-planned and involve the national army, government officials, students, and all other sections of society.
It is usually a day when the president of Somaliland, other heads of political parties and public officials attend and share with their people the atmosphere of celebration and commemoration of the history of Somaliland. It is also a day to commemorate the sacrifices that were made to achieve the freedom, security, and stability that the people of Somaliland feel today. It is a day for the people of Somaliland to reflect on the many progresses made by the country since 1991.
The celebration of this day is not limited to the memories and commemoration of the history of Somaliland but it is also a day for the people of Somaliland to remind themselves of the importance of Somalilanders to dedicate themselves to defend the country’s freedom and sovereignty, achieved at a great cost. The 18th May is a day to remember the achievements and challenges of the past 33 years. It is not only about what happened yesterday and today, but it is also a day that provides an opportunity to look to the future and legacy that is waiting for future generations.
Kheyriyadda, Hargeisa, Somaliland, May 17, 2024
On this day, Somalilanders remind themselves that the people of Somaliland are the ones who are currently running their government and are fully responsible for how they want to shape the future of their country without being forced to ask anyone else how on how to govern themselves.
Although Somaliland has not been recognized by the international community as a sovereign country since 1991, there are many reasons why the people of Somaliland should celebrate this day warmly. Somaliland has achieved a lot of progress in terms of security and improving people’s lives. Somaliland is truly a shining light from the Horn of Africa and the progress made by the country is a lesson for the countries in the region.
On this day, Somalilanders remember all the positive things that have been achieved during the last 33 years. Five presidents have transferred peacefully Somaliland’s power to each other since 1991. Each president’s contribution during his reign is respected and appreciated by the people of Somaliland. The historical documents and other articles related to Somaliland’s journey since 1991 have detailed what the successive presidents of Somaliland have achieved while in power. In this article, we briefly mention what these five presidents have achieved despite the challenges and difficult times they have gone through.
The current president and the presidents who came before him in succession to the rule of Somaliland have carried out some memorable achievements. We all know that a lot of time and resources have been sacrificed for Somaliland to become a safe and stable country, where law and order are functioning well. We have all witnessed that in the last three decades, Somaliland has achieved many positive things despite the challenges and difficulties faced by the people of Somaliland.
The people of Somaliland are proud that the country has its constitution, a functioning government for the last 33 years headed by the president and vice president, Parliament (Lower house and house of elders), creation of other government institutions, military and police force, passport, flag, political parties, and competing national and local elections since 2003. Despite all these achievements, Somaliland does not have recognition. We are celebrating this year again as we are still optimistic that Somaliland one day will be a member of the United Nations.
Honoring Somaliland’s flag for the event on this anniversary
In general, the people of Somaliland always show the value of the national flag and its importance for the existence of Somaliland. The flag of Somaliland is greatly appreciated by the people of Somaliland on the 18th May. It is a day when people show their respect for the national flag. It is also a day when Somaliland people wear the flag of Somaliland showing how the flag is important to them. On the 18th May, many Somaliland people decorate their homes and cars with the Somaliland flag. It is a feeling that reflects how people are proud of their beautiful flag. School children on this day wave Somaliland flags, as part of Somaliland’s 33 Anniversary.
The celebration of this 33rd anniversary, the flag of Somaliland is more visible than the previous anniversary. In the markets and gathering places in Somaliland, you can see hundreds and thousands of people from Somaliland wearing the flag of Somaliland. This shows that the celebration of this year is very strong and it is a clear example of how the people of Somaliland are proud of the existence of their country.
This year’s celebration is unique and stronger than the previous ones
This year’s celebration is bigger than previous years as mentioned by the national committee that coordinates the event on the 18th May. This year, the 18th May has special significance for many reasons. The year we passed in 2023 was a year with many challenges including the Lasanod conflict which was organized by external forces. The purpose of that deliberate attack on Somaliland was to damage the existence of Somaliland. It is also certain that the enemy of Somaliland always wants to undermine the country’s success and progress in terms of economy and diplomacy.
The people of Somaliland, both government and citizens, are using this year’s celebration to strengthen the unity of the Somaliland people and also to maintain the security and stability of the country. This year’s celebration has a special value for all Somaliland people regardless of their age, gender etc.
The celebration on May 18 of this year coincided with the schedule of the Somaliland presidential election to be held on November 13, 2024. With this anniversary, it is also important to mention that the Republic of Somaliland has announced that over 1.2 million registered voters are ready to participate in the upcoming elections on November 13th, 2024. It is an election that has been delayed for two years after President Bihi was given a two-year extension due to the war in the Sool region.
It is good news that President Muse Bihi has issued a presidential decree stating that the election for the presidency in which the three national parties of Kulmiye, Waddani and Ucid are competing for the elections will take place on November 13, 2024. It is also great news that the election commission officially announced the list of voters. This election is also a combined election in which the three national parties and political organisations will also compete in the three national parties for the next ten years representing Somaliland’s political arena. On this anniversary day, the people of Somaliland are reminding themselves to work together to ensure that the election is held in a fair and free environment.
Another important issue that the people of Somaliland have high hopes for this anniversary of the 18th May is the MOU agreement which is currently in its final stage. With this agreement, it is hoped that Somaliland will receive full diplomatic recognition from the Federal Government of Ethiopia, while Somaliland has allowed Ethiopia to establish a naval base in the Red Sea. As mentioned by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somaliland Dr. Essa Keyd and the chairman of the committee (MOU on the Somaliland side) Bashe Awil, both mentioned that the agreement is expected to be signed by Ethiopia and Somaliland will soon come into effect.
This historic agreement will be beneficial for both parties and the region as a whole. It is an agreement that is expected to open new doors that will lead both countries to a bright and prosperous future. With this 33rd anniversary, the people of Somaliland are celebrating by welcoming this agreement, which of course opens a new future for the two countries. There is no doubt that the harmony, development and economic integration of the region will grow and become stronger.
The benefit of the MOU agreement between Somaliland and Ethiopia is not limited to these two countries, but it is also a strategic agreement for Western countries and it is important for them to support this agreement. We are aware that other powerful countries are competing in the Red Sea, such as China, which now has a base in Djibouti. If Western countries do not immediately support this agreement, there will certainly be a threat to Somaliland from other major countries such as China and other big powers that are interested in the Red Sea region to influence Somaliland and establish a base in Somaliland like Djibouti.
Young people and the celebration of 18th May
Somaliland youth play an important and visible role in the 18th May celebration. It can be said that Somaliland’s young people are always the backbone of the celebration of this day. Their celebration does not start on the day itself, but a few days before if not weeks. They express their emotions and happiness to welcome the day. They show their celebration in different ways. Young people gather on streets and important places of big cities singing national songs.
Every young person you see is wearing flag bracelets. This shows of how young people believe in and love their country and also aspire that international recognition will be achieved shortly. Some of them perform traditional dancing and sports activities to share happiness with their community, friends and other Somaliland people. During the 18th celebration week Somaliland artists mainly young people create lots of amazing songs with beautiful voices and music.
Also, young students in all schools in Somaliland, boys and girls, are actively participating in the anniversary celebrations on the 18th May. When you look at the dedication and inspiration of the Somaliland youth, you feel that there is a bright future for the country.
One of the characteristics of Somaliland youth is that they truly love their country and believe in patriotism. There is no doubt that the younger generation of Somaliland today sees themselves as the beneficiaries of the sacrifices made by the generation before them. Although there are challenges and difficulties faced by the youth of Somaliland, we hope that the future generations can live in better life, freedom and system based on openness and democracy.
I am sharing a word of advice with young people: The political competition in Somaliland today seems to be tearing apart the young people. The young generation themselves need to be more vigilant about the things that harm the future of their country and be the ones who pull themselves together and keep the unity of their community.
Diaspora
The enthusiasm to welcome the 18th May is not confined to Somaliland, but thousands of Somaliland Diaspora living in other countries of the world are also widely participating in the celebration. Although Somaliland’s Diaspora lives in different countries, they share the same feeling in welcoming the event of the 18th May. As they do every year, Somaliland Diaspora living in European capitals, North America, and Arab and African countries are organizing programs to celebrate Somaliland’s 33rd anniversary. Various programs such as rallies, conferences, music events and other entertainment programs to welcome the day of May 18th are among the programs organized by Somalilanders living abroad.
The Somaliland Diaspora worldwide actively engages in how other countries of the world would recognize Somaliland. The Diaspora is constantly looking for opportunities in the countries where they live to promote what Somaliland has achieved in the last 33 years.
Somaliland missions in foreign countries are also preparing receptions to invite speakers and other guests including parliamentarians, diplomats, academics etc.
Conclusion
In conclusion, without recognition, Somaliland has proven for 33 years to serve its people with a system of law and order and a functioning state. On the other hand, the international community focused more and also spent a lot of time and resources to establish a functioning central Government in Somalia, but no results have been achieved so far.
The international community and Somalia need to understand that the peace and development of the region depends on Somalia to recognize Somaliland’s sovereignty. Somalia must accept the reality on the ground. Somaliland has had its state for the last 33 years. It is in the interest of both countries and the wider region that Somaliland is offered the recognition they have been waiting for the last three decades.
Finally, it is important to be aware that the people of Somaliland are resilient. The long journey they took to rebuild the country was not an easy task. To overcome the challenges and difficulties they faced, they managed through unity and cooperation among the communities in the country.
No country is perfect. We still have many problems including tribalism. Many other challenges are waiting for us, including the elections that the president of Somaliland announced to be held on 13th November 2024. There is also the fact that Somaliland’s enemies have recently been interfering with the boundaries of Somaliland. We all hope to rededicate ourselves to strengthen the aspirations of Somaliland which is to be a free, united, peaceful and prosperous nation. The challenges that Somaliland is facing can only be overcome through understanding and unity among the Somaliland communities.
THE EVE OF THE OF THE D’DAY OF THE 33rd ANNIVERSARY OF THE 18th MAY NATIONAL CELEBRATION THAT MARKS THE RE-ASSERTING AND RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE NATION OF SOMALILAND WHICH THIS TIME ROUND IS BEING MARKED MORE ELABORATELY THAN EVER
2024 WITNESSES THE MOST INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE MARKING OF THE CELEBRATIONS WITH THE ELATED MOOD REVERBERATING EVERYWHERE; FROM THE STREETS TO THE HOMES, AT THE CITIES AND TOWNS, CENTRES AND ALL THE VILLAGES COUNTRYWIDE; WITH DIGNITARIES DISPATCHED BOTH WITHIN THE COUNTRY AND ABROAD.
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The VP H.E. Abdirahman Abdillahi Sayli’i flanked by both Interior Minister Hon. Mohamed Kahin Ahmed and Livestock Minister Hon. Saeed Sulub join Burao residents as they receive them on the eve to celebrate the 18th May national anniversary.
The VP and his delegation in Burao
Burao residents in the eve of the D’Day
The President H.E. Musa Bihi Abdi is with the Hargeisa city Mayor Cllr. Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge as they joined city residents at the eve of the preparations of the celebrations.
The President flanked by National Police Chief Major General Mohamed Adan Saqadi as they toured the city witnessing residents in celebratory mood.
A happy Head of State content with the crowds’ happiness returns greetings.
President with Hargeisa city mayor
President joins city residents in Hargeisa.
Happy youthful Hargeisa residents’ enthusiasm in celebrating nationhood is quite vivid in this photo.
Somalia is an artificial country created by European intervention, while Somaliland deserves self-determination and recognition as a legitimate nation.
Created in 1960, the United Nations–recognized state of Somalia is, by almost all accounts, a failed state. Yet it continues to assert dominance over regions that are seeking further autonomy or independence. The UN has listed self-determination as a human right, but the global neighborhood rarely sees this human right respected or enforced by the UN. This is likely because of how slow-moving the UN can be and because the nations that make up the UN have conflicting national interests. A United Nations that is slow to act has led to de facto independence or autonomy in some regions, with international recognition sometimes coming later. This is seen in the two northern regions of Somalia.
The modern state of Somalia was not created through mutual agreement or due to a similar culture in the region but through European planning. The Italians had conquered the eastern coast and south of Somalia by 1927, with the British holding the northern region. World War II would pit the British against the Italians in East Africa. Mussolini invaded British Somalia in 1940 and unified both protectorates. The British later regained control of its portion and conquered Italian Somalia later in the war. The territories would remain separated after the end of World War II, with Italy and the United Kingdom preparing each territory for eventual independence. Unification occurred in 1960, forming the Somali Republic.
The following decades would be filled with conflict within the country and with its neighbors. The government was becoming more totalitarian, with an ostensibly communist leader. A civil war would break out, with the UN and the United States invading in 1993. As a reaction to the civil war, the people of Somalia became largely reliant on local self-rule, with some parts of the economy beginning to grow exponentially, while the northern region began to separate itself further.
While there was relative freedom and economic growth in the late 1990s, there was no centralized government, which made many in the international community nervous. Warlords were seen as unallowable to the United States, and it was time to install a permanent, centralized government. The US would then ally with warlords whom they had previously fought against in 1993 and give them direct aid in the hopes of forming a new government.
Young girls on Daallo Mountain in the Sanaag region proudly wearing the flag of Somaliland. (c) Twitter
This eventually worked, although not in the way that the Central Intelligence Agency had hoped. In 2006, various warlord factions formed what would be called the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts. This group was Islamic but not terrorist in nature. This would change once Ethiopia invaded at the end of 2006, with help from the United States. This invasion was initially successful, the US-supported Transitional Federal Institutions had defeated the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts, and all seemed right in southern Somalia.
Unfortunately, blowback is persistent in these conflicts. Factions of the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts would form the terrorist group, Al-Shabaab. Al-Shabaab became a significant military threat to the transitional government and to the Ethiopian troops stationed in the capital. Al-Shabaab has continued to be a thorn in the side of the federal government in Somalia, and it would not exist if the United States had not given billions of dollars in aid to warlords and assisted Ethiopia during its invasion.
During this time, northern Somalia would be growing increasingly separated and disillusioned with the rest of the country. Remember, the north of Somalia had been a separate entity for decades before being forced to integrate in 1960. The region of Puntland did not declare independence but did gain significant levels of autonomy. Somaliland declared independence in 1991, forming a separate government and economy. The transitional government in the south has been largely unable to challenge the declaration, but the declaration was not recognized internationally. It would go largely unnoticed, as the United States and the transitional government focused on fighting Al-Shabaab throughout the country.
Recent developments have changed this situation. Ethiopia, being a landlocked state, is naturally interested in a good deal on leasing waterfront property to build a port or naval base. Somaliland offered this, with Ethiopia providing tacit recognition of Somaliland in return. Somalia is, of course, rejecting the pretense of this deal outright and has cut diplomatic ties with Ethiopia.
Some defenders of the status quo may reject the idea of a new country in the Horn of Africa. However, the government of Somalia is having enough trouble dealing with Al-Shabaab and other rebel groups; it is not in a position to refuse self-determination. Somaliland has had a relatively free and stable government since it became practically independent in 1991. With its own currency, government, and now diplomatic relations, Somaliland should be allowed to secede from Somalia. Unique to some independence movements in Africa, Somaliland has shared little violence with the government of Somalia since 1991; thus, recognition would not be admitting defeat in a violent conflict.
The recognized right to self-determination is logically a right to secede after all, even if secession would change the global order in some way. The world before Somalian independence was dominated by imperial powers, with few independent states in Africa and Asia. Now there are almost two hundred recognized nations in the UN. Adding one more to the list is perfectly reasonable and would be a step toward further decolonization. Smaller polities are, of course, preferable to anyone who is a state-skeptic. The de facto country of Somaliland deserves international recognition not because it is more stable or free than Somalia but because every locality and community deserves self-governance if they wish for it.
By Aaron Sobczak
About Aaron Sobczak
Aaron Sobczak holds an M.A. in Public Policy with an emphasis on International Policy. He has written for various outlets and especially enjoys researching topics related to international law, American history, and public choice. He is currently part of the Mises Institute’s apprenticeship program. Aaron lives in Lynchburg, Virginia, with his wife.
May is one of the most important months for Somaliland, it is the month when Somaliland regained its independence from Somalia. Historically Somaliland’s independence goes back to June 26th 1960 when the nation gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
The celebration of this event is expected to be attended by millions of people living in Somaliland and hundreds of thousands of Diaspora living abroad. On this day, Somalilanders are sharing their joy. The days goes back to 1991 on May 18, when the Burao conference was held and marked a turning point in Somaliland’s history. As I mentioned in my article Somaliland’s 30 anniversary the Buroa conference brought together representatives from all communities and regions of Somaliland. After a long and extensive consultation, one of the most important outcomes of the conference was the decision to reclaim the statehood of Somaliland on the 18th May 1991.
You may ask yourself a lot of questions about what prompted Somaliland to regain its sovereignty from Somalia and the different historical processes that Somaliland has gone through to reach where it is today. In this brief article, the purpose is not to mention in detail the Somaliland historical past and especially the struggle that finally led to the citizens of Somaliland regaining their freedom. If you need more information about this you may want to refer, for this, to my article on the 30th Anniversary (Somaliland-30th-anniversary-2021-pdf-new.pdf (horndiplomat.com).
What does it mean for Somalilanders to celebrate for their 33rd anniversary this week?
This year’s 18th May celebration kicked off early in Somaliland and the Diaspora communities. On May 18th, Somaliland will present in the capital of Hargeisa along with other cities and towns in the country parades intended to celebrate Somaliland’s 33rd anniversary. These parades are well-planned and involve the national army, Government officials, students and all other sections of the societies.
It is usually a day when the president of Somaliland, other heads of political parties and public officials attend and share with their people the atmosphere of celebration and commemoration of the history of Somaliland. It is also a day to commemorate the sacrifices that were made to achieve freedom, security and stability that the people of Somaliland feel today. It is a day for the people of Somaliland to reflect on the many progress made by the country since 1991.
The celebration of this day is not limited to the memories and commemoration of the history of Somaliland but it is also a day for the people of Somaliland to remind themselves of the importance of Somalilanders to dedicate themselves to defend the country’s freedom and sovereignty achieved at a great cost. The 18th May is a day to remember the achievements and challenges of the past 33 years. It is not only about what happened yesterday and today, but it is also a day that provides an opportunity to look to the future and legacy that is waiting for future generations.
On this day, Somalilanders remind themselves that the people of Somaliland are the ones who are currently running their government and are fully responsible for how they want to shape the future of their country without being forced to ask anyone else how on how to govern themselves.
Although Somaliland has not been recognized by the international community as a sovereign country since 1991, there are many reasons why the people of Somaliland should celebrate this day warmly. Somaliland has achieved a lot of progress in terms of security and improving people’s lives. Somaliland is truly a shining light from the Horn of Africa and the progress made by the country is a lesson for the countries in the region.
On this day, Somalilanders remember all the positive things that have been achieved during the last 33 years. Five presidents have transferred peacefully Somaliland’s power to each other since 1991. Each president’s contribution during his reign is respected and appreciated by the people of Somaliland. The historical documents and other articles related to Somaliland’s journey since 1991 have detailed what the successive presidents of Somaliland have achieved while in power. In this article, we briefly mention what these five presidents have achieved despite the challenges and difficult times they have gone through.
The current president and the presidents who came before him in succession to the rule of Somaliland have carried out some memorable achievements. We all know that a lot of time and resources have been sacrificed for Somaliland to become a safe and stable country, where law and order are functioning well. We have all witnessed that in the last three decades, Somaliland has achieved many positive things despite the challenges and difficulties faced by the people of Somaliland.
The people of Somaliland are proud that the country has its constitution, a functioning government for the last 33 years headed by the president and vice president, Parliament (Lower house and house of elders), creation of other government institutions, military and police force, passport, flag, political parties, competing national and local elections since 2003. Despite all these achievements, Somaliland does not have recognition. We are celebrating this year again as we are still optimistic that Somaliland one day will be a member of the United Nations.
Honouring Somaliland’s flag for the event on this anniversary
In general, the people of Somaliland always show the value of the national flag and its importance for the existence of Somaliland. The flag of Somaliland is greatly appreciated by the people of Somaliland on the 18th May. It is a day when people show their respect for the national flag. It is also a day when Somaliland people wear the flag of Somaliland showing how the flag is important to them. On the 18th May, many Somaliland people decorate their homes and cars with the Somaliland flag. It is a feeling that reflects how people are proud of their beautiful flag. School children on this day wave Somaliland flags, as part of Somaliland’s 33 Anniversary.
The celebration of this 33rd anniversary, the flag of Somaliland is more visible than the previous anniversary. In the markets and gathering places in Somaliland, you can see hundreds and thousands of people from Somaliland wearing the flag of Somaliland. This shows that the celebration of this year is very strong and it is a clear example of how the people of Somaliland are proud of the existence of their country.
This year’s celebration is unique and stronger than the previous ones.
This year’s celebration is bigger than previous years as mentioned by the national committee that coordinates the event on the 18th May. This year, the 18th May has special significance for many reasons. The year we passed in 2023 was a year with many challenges including the Lasanod conflict which was organised by external forces. The purpose of that deliberate attack on Somaliland was to damage the existence of Somaliland. It is also certain that the enemy of Somaliland always wants to undermine the country’s success and progress in terms of economy and diplomacy.
The people of Somaliland, both government and citizens, are using this year’s celebration to strengthen the unity of the Somaliland people and also to maintain the security and stability of the country. This year’s celebration has a special value for all Somaliland people regardless of their age, gender etc.
The celebration on May 18 of this year coincided with the schedule of the Somaliland presidential election to be held on November 13, 2024. With this anniversary, it is also important to mention that the Republic of Somaliland has announced that over 1.2 million registered voters are ready to participate in the upcoming elections on November 13th, 2024. It is an election that has been delayed for two years after President Bihi was given a two-year extension due to the war in the Sool region.
It is good news that President Muse Bihi has issued a presidential decree stating that the election for the presidency in which the three national parties of Kulmiye, Waddani and Ucid are competing for the elections will take place on November 13, 2024. It is also great news that the election commission officially announced the list of voters. This election is also a combined election in which the three national parties and political organisations will also compete in the three national parties for the next ten years representing Somaliland’s political arena. On this anniversary day, the people of Somaliland are reminding themselves to work together to ensure that the election is held in a fair and free environment.
Another important issue that the people of Somaliland have high hopes for this anniversary of the 18th May is the MOU agreement which is currently in its final stage. With this agreement, it is hoped that Somaliland will receive full diplomatic recognition from the Federal Government of Ethiopia, while Somaliland has allowed Ethiopia to establish a naval base in the Red Sea. As mentioned by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somaliland Dr. Essa Keyd and the chairman of the committee (MOU on the Somaliland side) Bashe Awil, both mentioned that the agreement is expected to be signed by Ethiopia and Somaliland will soon come into effect.
This historic agreement will be beneficial for both parties and the region as a whole. It is an agreement that is expected to open new doors that will lead both countries to a bright and prosperous future. With this 33rd anniversary, the people of Somaliland are celebrating by welcoming this agreement which of course opens a new future for the two countries. There is no doubt that the harmony, development and economic integration of the region will grow and become stronger.
The benefit of the MOU agreement between Somaliland and Ethiopia is not limited to these two countries, but it is also a strategic agreement for Western countries and it is important for them to support this agreement. We are aware that other powerful countries are competing in the Red Sea, such as China, which now has a base in Djibouti. If Western countries do not immediately support this agreement, there will certainly be a threat to Somaliland from other major countries such as China and other big powers that are interested in the Red Sea region to influence Somaliland and establish a base in Somaliland like Djibouti.
Young people and the celebration of 18th May
Somaliland youth play an important and visible role in the 18th May celebration. It can be said that Somaliland’s young people are always the backbone of the celebration of this day. Their celebration does not start on the day itself, but a few days before if not weeks. They express their emotions and happiness to welcome the day. They show their celebration in different ways. Young people gather on streets and important places of big cities singing national songs.
Every young person you see is wearing flag bracelets. This shows of how young people believe in and love their country and also aspire that international recognition will be achieved shortly. Some of them perform traditional dancing and sports activities to share happiness with their community, friends and other Somaliland people. During the 18th celebration week Somaliland artists mainly young people create lots of amazing songs with beautiful voices and music.
Also, young students in all schools in Somaliland, boys and girls, are actively participating in the anniversary celebrations on the 18th May. When you look at the dedication and inspiration of the Somaliland youth, you feel that there is a bright future for the country.
One of the characteristics of Somaliland youth is that they truly love their country and believe in patriotism. There is no doubt that the younger generation of Somaliland today sees themselves as the beneficiaries of the sacrifices made by the generation before them. Although there are challenges and difficulties faced by the youth of Somaliland, we hope that the future generations can live in better life, freedom and system based on openness and democracy.
I am sharing a word of advice with young people: The political competition in Somaliland today seems to be tearing apart the young people. The young generation themselves need to be more vigilant about the things that harm the future of their country and be the ones who pull themselves together and keep the unity of their community.
Diaspora
The enthusiasm to welcome the 18th May is not confined to Somaliland, but thousands of Somaliland Diaspora living in other countries of the world are also widely participating in the celebration. Although Somaliland’s Diaspora lives in different countries, they share the same feeling in welcoming the event of the 18th May. As they do every year, Somaliland Diaspora living in European capitals, North America, and Arab and African countries are organizing programs to celebrate Somaliland’s 33rd anniversary. Various programs such as rallies, conferences, music events and other entertainment programs to welcome the day of May 18th are among the programs organized by Somalilanders living abroad.
The Somaliland Diaspora worldwide actively engages in how other countries of the world would recognize Somaliland. The Diaspora is constantly looking for opportunities in the countries where they live to promote what Somaliland has achieved in the last 33 years.
Somaliland missions in foreign countries are also preparing receptions to invite speakers and other guests including parliamentarians, diplomats, academics etc.
Conclusion
In conclusion, without recognition, Somaliland has proven for 33 years to serve its people with a system of law and order and a functioning state. On the other hand, the international community focused more and also spent a lot of time and resources to establish a functioning central Government in Somalia, but no results have been achieved so far.
The international community and Somalia need to understand that the peace and development of the region depends on Somalia to recognize Somaliland’s sovereignty. Somalia must accept the reality on the ground. Somaliland has had its state for the last 33 years. It is in the interest of both countries and the wider region that Somaliland is offered the recognition they have been waiting for the last three decades.
Finally, it is important to be aware that the people of Somaliland are resilient. The long journey they took to rebuild the country was not an easy task. To overcome the challenges and difficulties they faced, they managed through unity and cooperation among the communities in the country.
No country is perfect. We still have many problems including tribalism. Many other challenges are waiting for us, including the elections that the president of Somaliland announced to be held on 13th November 2024. There is also the fact that Somaliland’s enemies have recently been interfering with the boundaries of Somaliland. We all hope to rededicate ourselves to strengthen the aspirations of Somaliland which is to be a free, united, peaceful and prosperous nation. The challenges that Somaliland is facing can only be overcome through understanding and unity among the Somaliland communities.
