How Trump’s Horn of Africa Policy Harms Turkey’s Interests

By

-

March 23, 2025

US President Donald Trump (L) and national security adviser John R. Bolton (R) Gints Ivuskans/Shutterstock

The Trump administration’s approach to the Horn of Africa appears to undermine Turkey’s strategic interests in the region. Reports suggest that Trump may recognise the breakaway Republic of Somaliland in exchange for a naval base, with the controversial possibility that Somaliland might agree to take in Palestinians from Gaza. This aligns with Trump’s broader plan to evacuate the Gaza Strip of its population. Additionally, reports suggest that US pressure on Somalia led to the sacking of Somali Defence Minister Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur, who has strong ties to Turkey.

US Recognition of Somaliland: A Game Changer for the Region

Rumours of a possible U.S. recognition of Somaliland first surfaced before Trump’s inauguration. His past actions, such as recognising Israeli sovereignty over Syria’s Golan Heights and Morocco’s sovereignty over Western Sahara, suggest he is willing to bypass international norms in such matters. Somaliland’s strategic location at the entrance to the Red Sea adds to its significance, especially as the region faces instability due to missile and drone attacks by Yemen’s Ansar Allah (Houthis) on military and commercial vessels, in response to Israel’s war against Hamas in Gaza.

The U.S. already has military bases in Djibouti and leads Operation Prosperity Guardian against the Houthis. Establishing a naval base in Somaliland would further strengthen its presence in the region. Establishing a presence in Somaliland is also important for containing China’s influence in the region. Despite lacking international recognition and being involved in conflicts, Somaliland is more stable than Somalia, a fragile state and a terrorism hub. However, the potential relocation of Palestinians to Somaliland could spark widespread controversy and further destabilise the Horn of Africa. Turkey, a strong supporter of the Palestinians, including Hamas, would likely view this development as highly problematic.

Turkey has deep ties with Somalia, which firmly rejects Somaliland’s independence. Since 2017, Turkey has maintained its largest overseas military base close to the Somali capital of Mogadishu, where Turkish officers train Somali forces to combat the jihadist terrorist group al-Shabaab, which is an affiliate of Al-Qaeda. If the US recognises Somaliland, it would not only challenge Somalia’s sovereignty but also threaten Turkey’s investments and influence in the region.

US Pressure on Somalia

The Trump administration’s stance on Somalia has put additional pressure on Turkey’s influence. Following US demands, Somalia dismissed its Defence Minister, Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur, due to his strong ties with Turkey. This move indicates a broader US policy shift away from supporting Turkey’s role in Somalia, despite Turkey’s contributions to Somali security.

Instead, Trump appears to align with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a country that has historically pursued mostly competing interests with Turkey in the region. The UAE has strong ties with Somaliland, having secured a military base in Somaliland’s Berbera in 2017. In 2021, DP World, a UAE-based logistics giant, opened a terminal at Berbera Port.

While the UAE has never officially recognised Somaliland, it has maintained its influence there. Despite a recent thaw in UAE-Somalia relations – likely influenced by the broader UAE-Turkey normalisation – the UAE never withdrew from Somaliland. Therefore, Trump’s possible recognition of the breakaway republic could undermine Turkey’s standing in the Horn of Africa in favour of the UAE.

Regional conflicts and Somaliland’s struggle for recognition

Ethiopia is another key player in the Horn of Africa, and its ambitions further complicate the situation. Since Eritrea’s independence in 1991 (formalised in 1993), Ethiopia has been the most populous landlocked country in the world. Desperate for access to the sea, Ethiopia initially attempted to secure maritime access through improved relations with Eritrea. In 2018, Ethiopia withdrew its forces from Eritrean territories it had occupied during the 1998–2000 war, hoping for Eritrean cooperation. However, Eritrea has yet to grant Ethiopia access to its ports.

Facing this obstacle, Ethiopia turned to Somaliland. In early 2024, the Ethiopian government signed a memorandum of understanding with Somaliland, granting Ethiopia a 50-year lease for access to the Gulf of Aden. In return, Ethiopia was expected to recognise Somaliland as an independent state. This agreement alarmed Somalia, leading to fears of potential military escalation.

Turkey, leveraging its strategic partnerships with both Somalia and Ethiopia, intervened as a mediator. Ankara brokered an agreement where Ethiopia agreed to abandon its plans to recognise Somaliland and use its ports in exchange for Somalia pledging to work with Ethiopia on securing maritime access. This move not only protected Somalia’s territorial integrity but also reinforced Turkey’s influence in the region.

Turkey’s Long-Term Interests in Somalia and the Horn of Africa

Turkey’s presence in Somalia extends beyond military cooperation. In early 2024, Turkey and Somalia signed two critical agreements: a defence and maritime pact, under which Turkey pledged to build, train, and equip Somalia’s navy while also committing to protect Somalia’s territorial waters, and an oil and gas cooperation deal, securing Turkey’s access to Somalia’s offshore energy resources.

These agreements demonstrate Turkey’s long-term commitment to Somalia and its broader ambitions in the Horn of Africa. Turkey views Somalia as a gateway to expanding its political influence, defence cooperation, and economic investments in the region.

However, recent US policies threaten to disrupt this strategy. The Trump administration’s previous withdrawal of US troops from Somalia weakened the country’s fight against al-Shabaab. Although Biden later redeployed US forces, Trump’s return to office could mean another shift in policy. In February 2025, Trump ordered his first military strike of his new term against an ISIS-affiliate in Somalia, but experts argue that this does not signal a broader US military engagement in the country. Meanwhile, the US has frozen foreign aid, worsening Somalia’s humanitarian crisis and making the country even more reliant on partners like Turkey for stability and development.

If Trump recognises Somaliland, it could destabilise Somalia, harm Turkish economic and military interests, and further embolden the UAE to challenge Ankara’s influence. Given Turkey’s strategic priorities – ranging from security cooperation and energy access to transregional influence – Trump’s shift in policy presents a direct challenge to Ankara’s long-term goals in the Horn of Africa.

What’s next?

Trump’s Horn of Africa policy, particularly the potential recognition of Somaliland and the sidelining of Turkey’s role in Somalia, could have far-reaching consequences. Somaliland’s recognition by the U.S. could trigger a domino effect, prompting recognition from Ethiopia or the UAE. The potential resettlement of Palestinians in Somaliland, if pursued, would add another dimension of instability, affecting Turkey’s relations with both Somalia and the wider Middle East. While Turkey has successfully mediated tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia, a US-backed recognition of Somaliland could severely undermine Ankara’s influence in the region.

Source: Brussels Morning Newspaper

Taiwan FM Meets Somaliland Representative to Strengthen Bilateral Ties

Somaliland

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 21, 2025

0

The Republic of Somaliland and the Republic of China (Taiwan) reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening bilateral relations during a high-level meeting between Somaliland’s Representative to Taiwan Amb Mahmoud Adam Jama “Galaal” and Taiwan’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Lin Chia-Lung.

The discussions, held in Taipei, focused on expanding cooperation across various sectors, including trade, technology, education, and healthcare. Both sides underscored their dedication to deepening their strategic alliance and fostering new opportunities for mutual growth and development.

“for an in-depth and constructive discussion on enhancing bilateral cooperation. Our dialogue covered a range of areas where the Republic of Somaliland (RSL) and the Republic of China (Taiwan) can work closely together to advance our shared goals and mutual interests.”Said Amb Galal

Ambassador Galaal highlighted Somaliland’s appreciation for Taiwan’s unwavering support and contributions, particularly in capacity building and economic development initiatives. He emphasized the significance of maintaining a strong partnership that benefits both nations and their citizens.

A key highlight of the meeting was Ambassador Galaal’s hand-delivery of a letter from President Abdirahman Mohamed Abdillahi “Irro” of the Republic of Somaliland to Lai Ching-te, President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). This gesture further reinforced the enduring friendship and cooperation between the two governments.

“During the meeting, I also had the privilege of hand-delivering a letter from H.E. President Abdirahman Mohamed Abdillahi “Irro” of the Republic of Somaliland to H.E. Lai Ching-te, President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), further underscoring the enduring friendship and cooperation between our governments.”Amb Galal Added

Minister Lin Chia-Lung expressed Taiwan’s continued commitment to working closely with Somaliland, acknowledging the mutual respect and shared democratic values that form the foundation of their partnership. He reiterated Taiwan’s willingness to explore further collaborations that will drive sustainable development and regional stability.

The meeting marks another milestone in the growing Somaliland-Taiwan relationship, which has been steadily advancing since the establishment of official diplomatic ties in 2020. As both nations navigate global challenges, their strengthened cooperation signals a shared vision for prosperity and progress.

Somaliland’s Path to Global Recognition: A Call to Action for Citizens

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 21, 2025

0

By Prof. Ali A. Hori, M.Ed.

Somaliland citizens at iome and in the diaspora are pivotal in history. Our nation has faced challenges from political isolation for decades, but the global geopolitical landscape is shifting rapidly. We must seize this opportunity to strengthen our efforts for international recognition and actively shape Somaliland’s future. As proud Somalilanders, we must harness our collective strength to advance our nation’s interests on the global stage.

There is no doubt that Somaliland is on the path to complete independence, and its eventual membership in the United Nations and the African Union is inevitable. We have successfully established the fundamental pillars of governance, built robust institutions, and maintained a stable and democratic society. These achievements demonstrate that Somaliland is fully capable of functioning as a sovereign state, and we will no longer be confined to the periphery of international affairs. The time has come to amplify our voices and ensure Somaliland receives the recognition it deserves.

To accomplish this, I urge all Somaliland citizens to take the following strategic actions:

Strengthening Our Global Network – One of the most effective ways to advance Somaliland’s cause is through enhanced networking and collaboration. Our diaspora community plays a crucial role in building connections, sharing information, and advocating for our nation’s recognition. We must establish organized platforms where professionals, academics, and activists can exchange ideas and coordinate efforts to amplify our collective impact.
Hosting an International Somaliland Conference – We must organize a high-level conference that brings together governments, policymakers, and international organizations to discuss Somaliland’s statehood and its contributions to regional stability.

This event should occur in strategic locations such as North America, Great Britain, or Somaliland. By directly engaging influential stakeholders, we can push forward our agenda and demonstrate our readiness for international partnerships.

Supporting Diplomatic Efforts – Our diplomatic missions are vital in strengthening

Somaliland’s global presence, particularly in Washington, D.C. Ambassador Bashir Sheikh Omar Goth has been instrumental in fostering diplomatic relations and opening critical avenues for engagement with U.S. policymakers. His efforts have paved the way for stronger Somaliland-American ties, and we must rally behind his mission to ensure its success. Our collective support will reinforce our diplomatic standing and enhance Somaliland’s credibility on the global stage.

Somaliland is a nation rich in natural resources, including marine life, fisheries, ports, livestock, tourism, agriculture, and more. The new government will actively open doors for local and foreign investors to accelerate economic growth and reduce unemployment.

The government will prioritize national unity to achieve these goals, particularly in the southern regions. As history has shown, unity is the key to sustainable development for any nation. By fostering collaboration and economic inclusivity, Somaliland can move forward rapidly toward prosperity and stability.

Unity and determination must be at the core of our efforts moving forward. Somaliland has demonstrated resilience, governance, and stability far beyond many recognized nations, and our continued perseverance will undoubtedly lead to international acceptance. The future is bright,

and with a concerted effort from all Somaliland citizens, we can achieve our long-standing goal of recognition. We will forge a path toward a more prosperous, acknowledged, and respected Somaliland together. Let us take bold steps today to secure the recognition and future we rightfully deserve.

Thank you all for your unwavering commitment and dedication to our beloved nation.

Prof. Ali A. Hori, M.Ed.

alihori1@gmail.com

AUSSOM condemns Al-Shabaab mortar attacks in Mogadishu

Somalia

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 20, 2025

0

Press Release

Mogadishu – The African Union Support and Stabilisation Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) condemns the heinous Al-Shabaab mortar attacks on Mogadishu’s Aden Abdulle International Airport and nearby residential neighborhoods on Wednesday.

These indiscriminate attacks on innocent civilians underscore Al-Shabaab’s blatant disregard for human life and expose the group’s desperation in the face of relentless pressure from Somali security forces and international partners.

“We stand firmly in solidarity with the government and people of Somalia in their pursuit of lasting peace and security,” said Sivuyile Bam, Deputy Special Representative of the African Union Commission and Acting Head of AUSSOM.

“AUSSOM extends its deepest condolences to the families, friends, and relatives of the victims and wishes a speedy recovery to those injured.”

For more information contact

Snr. Communications Officer Ms. Gifty Bingley (BingleyG@africa-union.org)

Force Spokesperson, Lt. Col Said Mwachinalo (fhq-sp@au-atmis.org)

Email:aussommediacenter@au-ssom.org

Cell phone: (Somalia) +252 616 982 416/+252 613 665 356

Geopolitical Prize of the Horn: Why U.S. recognition of Somaliland matters

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 20, 2025

0

Addis Abeba – The Horn of Africa in recent years has emerged as a theater of growing geopolitical competition, as world great powers are rushing to entrench their interests in a region that is so vital to world security as well as economic stability. As the area struggles with instability, terrorism, and proxy competitions for sway, the US recognition of Somaliland provides a welcome chance to reshape the geopolitical realities within the Horn of Africa, with enormous strategic, economic, and security benefits.

Somaliland, which gained independence in 1991, has experienced comparative political stability and democratic rule, as compared to its neighbor Somalia, which is still plagued by violence, insecurity, and a weak central government. For the United States, the recognition of Somaliland not only converges with wider strategic interests in the region but also provides pragmatic advantages that would, in turn, increase its influence in East Africa and the world at large.

The strongest argument for United States recognition of Somaliland may be its strategic position at the intersection of vital maritime trade routes. Berbera Port, which is on the Gulf of Aden, has direct access to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a significant maritime chokepoint that joins the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea. This shipping lane is critical to international commerce, including oil exports, and is a main artery for commerce flowing between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

The U.S. has had a longstanding interest in the safety of international shipping lanes, especially with increasing threats from regional powers, such as Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen, that have targeted vessels in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. A Berbera base would offer a forward presence to defend and monitor these vital maritime corridors. It would allow the United States to take a more active role in guaranteeing the free flow of commerce, discouraging adversary powers from menacing them, and enhancing maritime security in one of the most important areas of the globe.

The strongest argument for United States recognition of Somaliland may be its strategic position at the intersection of vital maritime trade routes. Berbera Port, which is on the Gulf of Aden, has direct access to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a significant maritime chokepoint that joins the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea. This shipping lane is critical to international commerce, including oil exports, and is a main artery for commerce flowing between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

The U.S. has had a longstanding interest in the safety of international shipping lanes, especially with increasing threats from regional powers, such as Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen, that have targeted vessels in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. A Berbera base would offer a forward presence to defend and monitor these vital maritime corridors. It would allow the United States to take a more active role in guaranteeing the free flow of commerce, discouraging adversary powers from menacing them, and enhancing maritime security in one of the most important areas of the globe.

Counterterrorism, Regional Security

Along with enhancing maritime security, a Berbera military presence would also bring substantial counterterrorism benefits. Due to Somaliland’s geographic proximity to Somalia, where al-Shabaab still threatens regional stability, a U.S. military base in Berbera could be used as a launch point for precision counterterror operations. The forward operating base would add to U.S. quick response capability to emerging threats, providing invaluable support in the struggle against extremism in the Horn of Africa.

Aside from security and military interest, Somaliland is replete with untapped natural resources, which also translates to immense economic opportunities for both Somaliland and the U.S. Somaliland’s vast oil and natural gas reserves have already been the subject of interest by foreign investors, with American oil companies well placed to take a leading role in the exploration and exploitation of the same. Since the world is prioritizing energy security and diversification, access to Somaliland’s natural resources would enhance U.S. energy interests and be a stable source of energy supplies.

Somaliland is replete with untapped natural resources, which also translates to immense economic opportunities for both Somaliland and the United States.”

Other than this, Somaliland has an abundance of rare earth minerals crucial to the tech and defense industries. As worldwide demand for these materials increases, especially for application in green technology and high-technology production, access to Somaliland’s rare earth resources would be a giant benefit to U.S. industry. By recognizing Somaliland, not only would the U.S. have access to these precious resources, but it would also be at the head of the line in securing supply chains for critical minerals.

Countering China’s Influence

Within the expansive scope of East African geopolitics, China’s increasing presence represents a challenge to American strategic interests in the region. China, via its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has massively invested in infrastructure development and has acquired a military presence within Djibouti, its initial foreign military base. China’s expanding influence has the potential to reorganize the regional political and economic order in manners that could circumscribe the U.S.’s power projection capabilities.

Somaliland recognition would enable the U.S. to offset China’s expanding influence in East Africa. Through close relations with Somaliland, the U.S. would forestall China’s monopoly of strategic infrastructure and seaborne trade routes in the region. An American presence in Berbera would also guarantee that the Bab el-Mandeb Strait is not exposed to Chinese military expansion, aiding U.S. efforts to implement a free and open Indo-Pacific.

In addition, the increasing threat from Iranian-supported Houthis in Yemen also highlights the necessity of an American presence in Somaliland. The Houthis’ missile strikes on ships and their destabilizing influence in the region have created a dangerous security situation in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. A U.S. military base in Berbera would offer an important line of defense against these threats by enabling the U.S. to limit Houthi movement in the region and block further destabilization of the region.

More broadly, U.S. recognition of Somaliland would be an unequivocal move towards advancing stability and democratic governance in the Horn of Africa. While Somalia continues to grapple with fighting terrorism, corruption, and political instability, Somaliland has put in place a working democracy with periodic free and fair elections. The nation’s ability to ensure peace and stability amidst a region ravaged by war and instability is an example to other nations in the Horn of Africa.

Recognition of Somaliland would be a strong message of encouragement for democratic principles, peace, and self-determination in a region where such principles are by and large derided. It would also be inspirational to the region, showing that democracy and stability are possible, even under overwhelming adversity. Somaliland is in many respects an island of stability in a volatile region, and American recognition would solidify the nation’s position as a valuable partner for peace and security.

Legal, Historical Basis for Recognition

Somaliland’s legal and historical claim to recognition is also evident. A former British protectorate until 1960, Somaliland became independent and formed a union with Somalia that was never ratified by Somalia’s parliament. In the 1990s, following the disintegration of Somalia’s central government, Somaliland once more declared independence. Somaliland’s de facto statehood was recognized by the African Union in 2005, which consolidates its claim to recognition.

U.S. recognition of Somaliland would also be in accordance with international principles, specifically the principles of self-determination and respect for sovereignty. By recognizing Somaliland’s sovereignty, the U.S. would be affirming a stable, democratic state that is dedicated to peace, security, and regional collaboration.

In sum, recognition of Somaliland by the United States is a strategic imperative presenting overwhelming military, economic, and geopolitical benefits. From protecting key maritime trade routes to gaining access to natural resources and balancing the influence of competing powers, Somaliland offers the U.S. a chance to expand its footprint in the Horn of Africa.

With the region increasingly threatened by security risks, Somaliland’s stability offers a safe and democratic ally to the U.S. The moment has arrived for the United States to take the step to recognize Somaliland as a sovereign nation, solidifying a partnership that will be part of the broader stability and peace of the Horn of Africa and the world at large. AS

Adam Daud Ahmed is a political security Analyst in the Horn of Africa.

Somaliland does not rule out absorption of Gazan residents – KAN

Somaliland

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 20, 2025

0

A woman dressed in Somaliland’s flag colours parades to celebrate the 33rd anniversary of their Independence in Hargeisa, Somaliland, May 18, 2024. (photo credit: Tiksa Negeri/Reuters)

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF

US and Israeli officials reportedly reached out to officials of three East African governments to discuss the potential transfer of displaced Gazan Palestinians.

The de facto African state of Somaliland does not rule out absorbing Gazan residents, the state’s Foreign Minister, Abdirahman Dahir Adan, told Israel’s public broadcaster KAN on Wednesday morning.

Somaliland’s foreign minister told KAN in a written statement, “We are open to discussion on any matter, but we do not want to speculate on matters that have not yet been discussed. All countries that are interested in discussing certain issues with us must first establish working relations with us and open diplomatic missions in Somaliland.”

The most important thing for us is to receive recognition after showing the world that we are a peace-loving and democratic country, which has been independent for 33 years.”

On March 14, the Associated Press reported that US and Israeli officials had reached out to officials of three East African governments to discuss the potential transfer of displaced Gazan Palestinians to their territories.

AP named the three states as Sudan, Somalia, and the breakaway region of Somaliland.

This came after US President Donald Trump proposed a postwar plan for the transfer and resettlement of citizens from the Gaza Strip.

According to AP, Sudanese officials rejected overtures from the US, while officials from Somalia and Somaliland said they had not been contacted over the matter.

Displaced Palestinians, who fled Rafah after the Israeli military began evacuating civilians from the eastern parts of the southern Gazan city, ahead of a threatened assault, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas, travel on a vehicle, in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip May 6, 202 (credit: REUTERS/Ramadan Abed)

Somalia’s Foreign Minister Ahmed Moalim Fiqi said his country would categorically reject “any proposal or initiative, from any party, that would undermine the Palestinian people’s right to live peacefully on their ancestral land.”

Political motivations

The KAN report comes just five days after the de facto state told Reuters that “there are no talks with anyone regarding Palestinians.”

In his communications with KAN, Adan also reportedly hinted that if the American administration recognized Somaliland, it would be possible to talk about everything, even if the absorption of Palestinians was not mentioned specifically.

KAN claimed, “Somaliland is trying to leverage the situation in Gaza and the Palestinian arena in order to make political gains with the United States and Israel.”

Somaliland is a Muslim de facto state that split from Somalia in the early 1990s and declared independence. However, most countries do not formally recognize it. Israel was one of 35 countries that recognized the state’s independence in 1960, but to this date, there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two.

Somaliland’s Battle for Recognition: Breaking Free from Somalia

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 20, 2025

0

A Long-Awaited Truth

For decades, a well-worn argument has circulated among Somali nationalists: Somaliland and Somalia were never independent states before 1960; they were just two regions that merged to form the Somali Republic. The claim, often repeated, is as misleading as it is persistent.

The historical record tells a different story. Somaliland was not only an independent, internationally recognized state before it entered into a rushed and legally unratified union with Somalia. Today, more than six decades later, that flawed arrangement continues to fuel Somaliland’s quest for full recognition as a sovereign nation.

A Nation That Briefly Took Its Place in the World

On June 26, 1960, Somaliland achieved independence from British colonial rule. It was not a partial or conditional handover of authority; it was full sovereignty, officially proclaimed in the Royal Proclamation Terminating Her Majesty’s Protection:

“Whereas it is intended that the Somaliland Protectorate shall become an independent country on the twenty-sixth day of June 1960.”

(Gazette No. 42074)

The world took note. More than 30 nations, including key members of the United Nations Security Council, sent formal congratulatory messages, welcoming Somaliland into the international community. Treaties were signed, agreements made. Treaty Series No. 44 (1960), a legal framework established between Somaliland and the United Kingdom, set out provisions for currency, military forces, and, crucially, Somaliland’s sovereign right to enter agreements with other nations.

Somalia’s Delayed Independence and Mismatched Timing

While Somaliland had already gained sovereignty, Italian-administered Somalia was still under a United Nations trusteeship, with its path to independence set for July 1, 1960. The UN General Assembly confirmed this timeline in Resolution A/RES/1418 (XIV):

“Approval of the Trusteeship Agreement by the General Assembly, at the conclusion of which the Territory shall become an independent sovereign State.”

This detail is more than a historical footnote. It means that Somaliland and Somalia were never legally on equal footing when they “merged.” One was an already recognized independent nation; the other was still transitioning out of foreign oversight.

Further reinforcing this distinction, the Trusteeship Agreement’s Article 1 explicitly outlined Somalia’s borders:

“…bounded by the Somaliland Protectorate, Ethiopia, [and] Kenya.”

These were not two “regions” uniting. These were two separately recognized territories.

The Unratified Union: A Flawed Foundation

Despite their separate paths to independence, leaders in Somaliland and Somalia moved swiftly to create a new state—the Somali Republic. The problem? The union was never legally finalized.

At the 871st meeting of the UN Security Council (July 5, 1960), British diplomat Sir Pierson Dixon described Somaliland and Somalia as “two independent nations” choosing to unite. But on the ground, the legal mechanics of the merger were deeply flawed.

Somaliland drafted its own Act of Union (Law No. 1), but it was never ratified by Somalia’s parliament.
Somalia, in turn, drafted a different Act of Union (Law of 31/1/1961, Article 4), attempting to retroactively formalize the merger—months after it had supposedly taken effect.

This was not how legitimate state unions were meant to function. No internationally recognized treaty was signed. No referendum was held. Somaliland was never legally absorbed into Somalia. It was, instead, effectively swallowed into a political system where its status was never clarified.

That ambiguity would later come back to haunt Somalia, and ultimately, the ill-fated union collapsed.

Somaliland Today: A Democracy in a Volatile Region

If the past 30 years have proven anything, it is that Somaliland was never just another Somali region. While Somalia has struggled with militancy, factional violence, and political instability, Somaliland has quietly built something different: a functioning democracy.

Since declaring its re-independence in 1991, Somaliland has held multiple peaceful elections, established stable institutions, and maintained internal security—a stark contrast to the turmoil in Mogadishu. Unlike Somalia, Somaliland has largely avoided the grip of extremist insurgencies and has created an environment where businesses can operate and governance remains intact.

In a region where failed states are common, Somaliland’s ability to maintain order and democratic processes should make it a model for self-governance in Africa. And yet, international recognition remains elusive.

A Case for Recognition

The facts are clear: Somaliland was an independent nation before the union, and that union was never properly ratified. Today, it functions as a de facto independent state, yet the world continues to ignore its legitimacy.

For decades, Western policymakers have emphasized their commitment to stability, democracy, and self-determination in Africa. Somaliland offers all three—yet remains in diplomatic limbo.

The question is no longer whether Somaliland deserves recognition. The real question is, why hasn’t it received it yet?

Berbera’s Tuna Industry Expands to Meet Ethiopia’s Growing Fish Demand

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 20, 2025

0

Berbera, a historic port city on Somaliland’s Gulf of Aden coastline, is emerging as a significant hub in the regional seafood industry. Home to some of the finest tuna stocks in the world, the city is positioning itself as a key supplier to both regional and global markets.

At the forefront of this development is Somtuna Fishing Company, a subsidiary of the Dahabshil Group. Founded by entrepreneurs with deep knowledge of both Somali and international markets, the company has established itself as a leader in canned tuna production, fish processing, and seafood exports. Its operations adhere to international food safety standards, ensuring high-quality products at every stage of the value chain.

Somtuna’s state-of-the-art processing facility in Berbera is equipped with modern technology to maintain premium quality and efficiency. The factory has also provided employment for hundreds of young people, boosting the local economy and supporting supply chains that include fishermen, logistics providers, and transport networks.

A recent sighting of Berbera Tuna Fish on supermarket shelves in Ethiopia underscores Somaliland’s growing role as a seafood supplier to its landlocked neighbor. The increasing availability of Berbera’s canned tuna in Ethiopia is a sign of deepening trade ties between the two economies, as Ethiopian consumers turn to Somaliland for high-quality seafood products.

Berbera’s Role in Ethiopia’s Expanding Seafood Market

Ethiopia, with a population of over 120 million, is witnessing a growing demand for seafood, driven by a shift towards protein-rich diets. For Somaliland’s fishing industry, this represents a lucrative opportunity.

Somtuna is well-positioned to meet Ethiopia’s seafood needs, supplying hotels, restaurants, and households with a steady flow of high-quality fish. Berbera’s proximity to Ethiopia, coupled with efficient logistics and trade agreements, has made it a natural hub for seafood exports.

As global fish consumption continues to rise, Somaliland’s fishing industry is poised for further expansion. Investment in sustainable fishing practices, modern techniques, and international trade partnerships will be crucial in strengthening Berbera’s position as a major player in the seafood market. With companies like Somtuna leading the way, Somaliland is not only catering to Ethiopia’s rising demand for fish but also carving out a place for itself on the global stage.

SIHA Network Empowers Hargeisa IDPs: Strengthening Access to Sexual Violence Support Services.

Somaliland

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 19, 2025

0

By: Somali women Press Club

Following the International Day of Women 2025, the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA) Network conducted a series of awareness-raising sessions in the IDP camps of Hargeisa, Somaliland. The events aimed to strengthen awareness and enhance access to sexual violence support services for IDPs and minority communities. This effort is part of SIHA’s longstanding commitment to advocating for women’s rights and ensuring the protection of vulnerable groups in Somaliland.

The awareness sessions sought to inform IDPs and minority communities about the range of services available to them, particularly those provided by SIHA’s supported partners such as the Women Advocacy and Progress Organization (WAAPO) and the Voice of Somali Minority Women Organization (VOSOMWO). Additionally, the sessions introduced participants to the existing formal support structures in Hargeisa, including police stations, the Baahi Koob One Stop Center, the prosecutors’ office, courts, and legal aid services.

A key component of the initiative was the distribution of referral pathway directories to community members and IDP committees. These directories serve as essential tools to facilitate the reporting of sexual violence cases and ensure the accountability of perpetrators. By providing detailed information on where survivors can access support services, SIHA Network aims to bridge the gap between affected individuals and the assistance they require.

SIHA Network has been a vital force in advocating for women’s rights in Somaliland for the past two decades. Through its collaborative efforts with local partners, SIHA has worked tirelessly to enhance legal and psychosocial support for survivors of sexual violence. Recognizing the deep psychological scars left by such experiences, the network also organized psychosocial counseling sessions for survivors, ensuring they receive the necessary emotional support and guidance.

As part of the awareness event, SIHA also introduced an art-based healing exercise for sexual violence survivors. This initiative provided a safe and creative space for women and girls to express their emotions, share their stories, and begin the journey toward healing. Art therapy has been recognized as an effective tool in trauma recovery, allowing survivors to process their experiences in a non-verbal yet profoundly impactful way.

The efforts of SIHA Network, in collaboration with WAAPO, VOSOMWO, and other local service providers, have significantly contributed to raising awareness about sexual violence support systems in Hargeisa’s IDP communities. By equipping survivors with knowledge, support, and advocacy tools, SIHA continues to play a crucial role in the fight against sexual violence and the pursuit of justice for affected women and girls in Somaliland.

Moving forward, SIHA remains committed to expanding its reach, strengthening partnerships, and advocating for policy reforms to ensure sustained protection and justice for survivors of sexual violence. The success of this initiative underscores the importance of community engagement, survivor-centered support systems, and collaborative efforts in addressing sexual violence and empowering vulnerable communities.

MoFAIC Hosts Consultative Meeting on Establishing Inter-Ministerial Task Force for Diaspora Affairs

Somaliland

By

Goth Mohamed

-

March 17, 2025

0

On Sunday, March 16th, 2025, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation (MoFAIC) of the Republic of Somaliland convened a one-day consultative meeting at its headquarters in Hargeisa. The meeting, organized by the Diaspora Department, brought together representatives from various Ministries and Government Departments to discuss the establishment of an Inter-Ministerial Task Force for Diaspora Affairs.

The primary objectives of the meeting were to create a collaborative framework for inter-ministerial coordination on diaspora engagement, identify and streamline stakeholder roles, and address gaps and challenges in delivering services to the diaspora community. Attendees included Directors General and senior officials from multiple Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs).

Dr. Mohamed Abdirahman Hassan, the Director General of MoFAIC, delivered the opening remarks. He highlighted the critical role of the diaspora in Somaliland’s socioeconomic and political development, emphasizing the need for a whole-of-government approach to effectively engage, integrate, and mobilize diaspora resources for long-term national development goals.

Key speeches were delivered by the Directors General of the Ministries of Planning & National Development, Trade & Tourism, Youth & Sports, and Information, Culture & National Guidance, as well as representatives from the Ministries of Finance & Economic Development, Employment, Social Affairs & Family, Public Works, Land & Housing, and Justice. Additionally, officials from the Immigration Authority and the Hargeisa Municipality Diaspora Service Desk expressed strong support for the initiative, reaffirming their commitment to active participation.

Diaspora engagement is a cross-cutting issue that spans multiple sectors, including the economy, social development, culture, politics, and international cooperation. As such, it requires coordinated efforts across all levels of government, as well as collaboration with the private sector, academia, and civil society.

In alignment with the Foreign Policy Commitments of the New Government led by HE Abdirahman Mohamed Abdillahi “Irro” (Unity & Action), Somaliland’s National Development Plan III (2023-2027), and the National Vision 2030, MoFAIC has prioritized accelerating diaspora engagement through its “Diaspora Engagement Enabling Program (DEEP Initiative).” Key components of this initiative include the review and development of a national diaspora policy, the establishment of a Somaliland Diaspora Trust Fund (SLDTF), the formation of a National Diaspora Advisory Council, the creation of a diaspora-friendly online portal, and the establishment of a High-level Inter-Ministerial Task Force. This Task Force will comprise representatives from various Ministries and Autonomous Agencies across seven development sectors.

The meeting underscored the Government’s commitment to fostering stronger ties with the diaspora community and leveraging their contributions to achieve Somaliland’s development aspirations.

Diaspora Department, MoFAIC
Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland
March 16th, 2025